Apoptosis

Question 1

what is a defining characteristic of a necrotic cell

Answer 1

highly disrupted plasma membrane

Question 2

what is a defining characteristic of apoptotic cells

Answer 2

fragmented nucleus & blebbed plasma membrane

Question 3

list the main steps in apoptosis

Answer 3

cell shrinkage -> cell disintegration -> apoptotic body gets phagocytized

Question 4

list the different manifestations of apoptosis

Answer 4

1. fragmented golgi bodies
2. blebs on cells surface
3. pyknosis
4. fragmentation of apoptotic cells
5. phagocytosis by macrophages

Question 5

where are golgi bodies normally found

Answer 5

perinuclear locations

Question 6

define pyknosis

Answer 6

condensation of chromatin & collapse of nuclear structure

Question 7

what was the apoptosis inducing drug that was used on HeLa cells

Answer 7

satuosporine

Question 8

how does phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by macrophages occur

Answer 8

phosphatidylserine (PS) gets inverted to the outside of the cell signaling macrophages

Question 9

what was the example used that demonstrated the normal events of developmental apoptosis

Answer 9

mouse paw that showed damaged DNA at the sites where webbing had occurred

Question 10

what was an ex. of apoptosis being signaled by channels NOT dependent on p53

Answer 10

anoikis

Question 11

describe anoikis

Answer 11

apoptosis initiated by the lost anchorage of the cell to the ECM

Question 12

what are 4 examples of death substrates

Answer 12

1. ICAD
2. Lamin
3. vimentin
4. actin

Question 13

what is the initiator caspase of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway

Answer 13

caspase-9

Question 14

what is the initiator caspase of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway

Answer 14

caspase-8

Question 15

how is an apoptosome formed

Answer 15

cytochrome c associated w/ Apaf-1

Question 16

what forms the spokes in an apoptosome

Answer 16

Apaf-1

Question 17

what forms tips of the spokes in an apoptosome

Answer 17

cytochrome c

Question 18

where is cytochrome c stored

Answer 18

between in IM and OM of the mitochondria

Question 19

what is the normal role that cytochrome C plays in the mitochondria?

Answer 19

electron transport through oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

as apoptosis proceeds what happens to cytochrome c

Answer 20

it becomes more dispersed throughout the cytoplasm

Question 21

what are the 2 anti-apoptotic strategies used by cancer cells that were covered?

Answer 21

• interfering with pro-apoptotic proteins
• enhancing anti-apoptotic proteins

Question 22

what is hypothesized to be an alternative cellular mechanism for targeting cancer cells

Answer 22

autophagy

Question 23

what is autophagy

Answer 23

cell organelle degradation to recycle its contents