Cancer Immunotherapy Flashcards
infusion of large #’s of T cell can
kill cancer cells and induce remission
identifying what can improve the outcomes for many patients?
genes critical to cancer’s immune resistance
CRISPR has found _____ genes that play a role in _________ susceptibility
- 100
- T cell
AML and solid tumors cells highly express
CD47
what identifies healthy cells vs. those to be phagocytosed
SIRPa
explain how to turn dont eat me to eat me signal
by introducing anti-CD47 antibodies that block CD47/SIRPa
bacteria are naturally drawn to
hypoxic & necrotic cells
what bacteria has killed mouse tumors by activating the immune system?
salmonella
killing cancer w/ bacteria is more complicated and less predictable in humans due to
recurrence, infection control
define neutrophils
WBCs that respond to post-op inflammation
characteristics of neutrophils
- cross the blood-brain barrier
- destroy residual glioblastoma cells
are neutrophils successful in humans?
no
what is an example of drug delivery via immune cells
drug-loaded liposomes inserted into neutrophils
CAR stands for
chimeric antigen receptor
explain CAR T-cell therapy
a patients WBCs are harvested and genetically engineered to target an antigen on their cancer cells
CAR T-cell therapy was first approved to treat
recurring B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
new and improved CARs add ___________ and ___________ to improve targeting of T cell attack
- co-stimulatory signaling domains
- extra receptors
what is the cost of CAR T cell therapy
475,000
what CART-T cell therapy has been approved for patients 25 years and younger that have relapsed at least twice
kymriah
MR1 was previously ONLY known to
present bacterial antigen to a different T cell line
MR1T cells recognize and kill
MR1-positive cancer cells
inducing maturation of dendritic cells
how does MR1T cells kill MR1-positive cells
by recognizing self-antigens presented by MR1 protein
what virus contains a cancer cell antigen in it outer protein shell
papillomavirus pseudoviruses
papillomavirus pseudoviruses given orally to mice caused
regression of colon adenocarcinomas w/
-3X survival time
-prevent relapse
tetanus vaccine targets
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
CMV is found in
brain tumors
