Cancer cells and Cancer Flashcards
Describe Interphase
3 phases G1: most cellular activity occurs here S: synthesis of all Dna G2: Dna synthesis is checked replication of centresomes
MOST Of eukaryotic cell is spent within Interphase
What are the 4 phases of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Describe Prophase
DNA condenses further
2 identical chromatids per chromosome (sister chromatids)
- nuclear envelop dissociates
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up
pushing and pulling of chromatids
Anaphase
Separated chromosomes
Telophase/ cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope forming
clevage furrow
What is the result of Mitosis
2 daughter cells which are identical to their parents
Describe Regulatory control in G2
Involves cyclin, Cyclin dependent kinases, and M-phas promoting factor (MPF)
cyclin fluctuates throughout the cell. cyclin dependent kinase attaches= MPF. Mphase promoting factor= Key to go through G2
G1 regulation within Mitosis
Dna damaged
size/ nutrition correct
appropriate signals present
M Phase regulation
are the spindles attached to chromosomes
changes in DNA can result od
acquired changed- viruses/ drugs
inhertited changed- susceptiple genes
Acquired and inherited changed can result in loss of cell control
What are the two causes of Cancer
Proto-oncogenes
tumor supressors
Both result in uncontrolled cell growth
Describe what occurs with the deactivation of tumor supressor genes “breaks”
Mutation within DNA (timor supressor gene)
results in non functioning protein
results in uncontrolled cell growth
Describe what occurs with Proto oncogenes “accelerator”
Proto -oncogenes results in with
- Mutation in DNA- leads to hyperactive protein
- Multiple copies of the gene- normal cell growth protein in excess
- change of location for new DNA (new promotor)- normal cell growth excess protein
Mitosis & meiosis results in the formation of?
2 diploid daughter cells - identical- MIT
4 haploid daughter cells which are not identical - MEI
