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Court of Master Sommeliers - Master & Advanced > Canada > Flashcards

Canada Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of Canada’s appellation and quality control system?

A

VQA

Vintner’s Quality Alliance

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2
Q

When was VQA launched in Canada?

A

1988 (in Ontario)

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3
Q

When was Inniskillin established?

A

1974

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4
Q

In which region is Inniskillin based?

A

Niagara-on-the-Lake

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5
Q

Which three incidents in 1988 led to a refocus on quality within the Canadian wine industry?

A
  • Free trade agreement with USA - wines needed to compete in terms of quality
  • Government sponsored vine pull scheme - vineyards replanted with vitis vinifera varieties
  • VQA established in Ontario
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6
Q

Which two Canadian regions have VQA status?

A

British Columbia

Ontario

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7
Q

What percentage of grapes in a wine labelled Ontario VQA must be grown in that province?

A

100%

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8
Q

What percentage of grapes in a wine labelled British Columbia VQA must be grown in that province?

A

100%

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9
Q

If a Canadian VQA wine is labelled with a single vineyard, what percentage of the grapes must come from that vineyard?

A

100%

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10
Q

If a variety is stated on the label of a VQA wine, what percentage of that variety is required?

A

85%

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11
Q

Is chaptalisation permitted for Canadian Icewine?

A

No

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12
Q

How do British Columbia VQA laws differ from Ontario VQA?

A
  • If labeled with an appellation more precise than the province, British Columbia VQA wines must contain a minimum 95% of grapes grown in the stated appellation
  • Ontario VQA wines require 85% for appellations and regional appellations, and 100% for sub-appellations (in Niagara Peninsula).
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13
Q

Which Canadian province is the country’s largest producer?

A

Ontario VQA

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14
Q

What are the three Designated Viticultural Areas (appellations) of Ontario VQA?

A

Lake Erie North Shore
Niagara Peninsula
Prince Edward County

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15
Q

What are the regional appellations of Niagara Peninsula?

A

Niagara-on-the-Lake

Niagara Escarpment

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16
Q

What is Pelee Island?

A

A former appellation which was deregulated in 2013 and became part of Lake Erie North Shore’s South Islands subappellation.

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17
Q

What is the sub appellation of Lake Erie North Shore?

A

South Islands

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18
Q

Which major city is located close to Lake Erie North Shore?

A

Detroit, Michigan, USA

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19
Q

Does Prince Edward County have sub appellations?

A

No

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20
Q

Which varieties are grown in Prince Edward County?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Gamay
Some Cabernet Franc

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21
Q

Describe the soils and weather of Prince Edward County

A

Hard winters

Clay limestone soil

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22
Q

What varieties are grown in Lake Erie North Shore?

A

Cabernet Franc
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon

23
Q

What is notable about Lake Erie?

A

Shallowest of the Great Lakes - freezes easily, but is also the warmest

24
Q

What are the two Regional Appellations of Niagara Peninsula?

A

Niagara Escarpment

Niagara-on-the-Lake

25
Q

Which three sub appellations of Niagara Peninsula are not nested within a Regional Appellation?

A

Lincoln Lakeshore
Creek Shores
Vinemount Ridge

26
Q

What are the three nested sub appellations of Niagara Escarpment?

A

Beamsville Bench
Twenty Mile Bench
Short Hills Bench

27
Q

What are the four nested sub appellations of Niagara-on-the-Lake?

A

Niagara Lakeshore
Niagara River
Four Mile Creek
St David’s Bench

28
Q

What is the soil type of the Niagara Peninsula?

A

Limestone

29
Q

What is the Ontario VQA requirement for the production of Icewine?

A

Declare intent to produce Icewine in November
Leave grapes on the vine to freeze
Harvest at night - temperature must be at least -8 degrees

30
Q

What percentage of total Ontario production is made up of Icewine?

A

Less than 5%

31
Q

Which style of wine accounts for less than 5% of Ontario’s wine production?

A

Icewine

32
Q

What are the five VQA Designated Viticultural Areas of British Columbia?

A 
Vancouver Island
Fraser Valley
Similkameen Valley
Gulf Islands
Okanagan Valley
33
Q

Which Designated Viticultural Area of British Columbia supplies 82% of the province’s wine?

A

Okanagan Valley

34
Q

Describe the climate and topography of Okanagan Valley

A

One of the most northerly wine regions in the world - long daylight hours
East of the Cascades
Some mitigation of climate from Lake Okanagan
Truly continental climate - risk of vine damage during winter due to cold, very hot summers

35
Q

Which British Columbian DVA is located between the Cascades and the Monashee mountains?

A

Okanagan Valley

36
Q

Which British Columbian DVA is located in the Georgia Strait, between Vancouver Island and the mainland?

A

Gulf Islands

37
Q

What is Vin de Curé?

A

Dried grape wine from Canada.

38
Q

Ontario wines labelled ‘traditional method’ must be aged on lees for how long - as a minimum?

A

NV - 9 months

Vintage - 12 months

39
Q

Are hybrid varieties allowed for wines labelled VQA?

A

Only if labelled with a province - VQA Ontario

Not allowed further appellations on the label.

40
Q

Quebec is not part of the VQA system. Which classification system is used in Quebec?

A

Vins certifié du Quebec (VCQ)
Quebec Certified Wines
Established 2008

41
Q

What are the five sub regions of Quebec?

A 
Eastern Townships
Montérégie
Ouest-du-Québec
Centre-du-Québec
Est-du-Québec
42
Q

What is the minimum residual sugar for Icewine?

A

100 g/L

43
Q

Is cryoextraction and other methods of concentration allowed for Icewine?

A

No

44
Q

Which varieties can be used for Icewine?

A

Vitis vinifera varieties (often Riesling and Cabernet Franc)
plus Vidal Blanc

45
Q

Can British Columbia winemakers use süssreserve for their Icewine production?

A

No

It is permitted for Ontario producers up to 15% (same must weight as the wine)

46
Q

What are the main grape varieties of British Columbia?

A

White Grapes: Pinot Gris (22%), Chardonnay (20%), Gewürztraminer (15%), Riesling (10%), Sauvignon Blanc (8%), Pinot Blanc (5%), Viognier (4%)

Red Grapes: Merlot (30%), Pinot Noir (21%), Cabernet Sauvignon (14%), Cabernet Franc (10%), Syrah (10%), Gamay (3%)

47
Q

What is British Columbia Meritage?

A

A blend of two or more Bordeaux grape varieties
Can be white or red
No more than 90% one variety.

48
Q

What is the only official sub zone of Okanagan Valley?

A

Golden Mile Bench (2015)

There are many unofficial sub zones - expected to be official in the next few years

49
Q

What are the two ‘Island’ appellations of British Columbia?

A

Gulf Islands

Vancouver Island

50
Q

What are the three ‘Valley’ appellations of British Columbia?

A

Fraser Valley
Okanagan Valley
Similkameen Valley

51
Q

What is the appellation system of the Nova Scotia wine industry?

A

Nova Scotia Wine Standards

52
Q

What is the only appellation within Nova Scotia?

A

Tidal Bay (2012)

53
Q

What requirements must a Tidal Bay wine meet to carry that appellation?

A

Specific grape varieties
100% Nova Scotia grown grapes
No more than 11% abv
Approved by independant blind tasting panel.

Must demonstrate the distinctive taste profile: lively fresh green fruit, dynamic acidity and characteristic minerality.

54
Q

Name a prominent producer from Niagara Escarpment

A

Cave Spring

Court of Master Sommeliers - Master & Advanced (49 decks)

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