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Italian Wine Scholar: Central & Southern Italy > Campania: Appellations > Flashcards

Campania: Appellations Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Caserta Province located?

A

This covers the northwest quarter of Campania.

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2
Q

Name the appellations of Caserta Province in Campania.

A
  • Falerno del Massico DOC
  • Aversa (Asprinio di Aversa) DOC
  • Casavecchia di Pontelatone DOC
  • Galluccio DOC
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3
Q

When/why was the Falerno del Massico DOC created?

A

In 1989, with the arduous intent to revive the 2000 year old legacy of the ancient Roman first growth appellation, Falernum.

This DOC corresponds, in large part, to the same winegrowing district from which the famous Roman wine originated.

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4
Q

Where are the vineyards of Falerno del Massico DOC planted?

A

All around the limestone massif of Monte Massico and on the foothills of the extinct volcano, Roccamonfina.

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5
Q

What are the soil types found in Massico?

A

Composed of a layer of volcanic top-soil atop a limestone sub-soil.

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6
Q

Name the principal grapes of Falerno del Massico DOC.

A

Red:
* Aglianico
* Piedirosso
* Primitivo

White:
* Falanghina (usually Flegrea)

Note: Primitive, a grape virtually found only in Puglia, is considered traditional here.

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7
Q

What grapes are used to produce Falerno del Massico Rosso DOC wines?

A

This is an Aglianico-based wine to which a small proportion of Piedirosso is often added.

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8
Q

How does the Primitivo variety fair in Falerno del Massico DOC?

A

This grape is largely planted to the south and southeast of Monte Massico where the sea has a greater impact on climate.

Here, this grape is made into the powerful, concentrated and structured varietal Falerno del Massico Primitivo DOC.

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9
Q

What grapes are used in Falerno del Massico Bianco DOC

A

Falanghina is the base of this fragrant and fruity white wine.

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10
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Falerno del Massico DOC?

A
  • bianco
  • rosso
  • rosso riserva
  • Primitivo riserva
  • varietal
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11
Q

What was Falernum?

A

It is considered to be one of the greateast wines of antiquity. For the Romans, it was the greatest and most sought-after wine of all - a wine for emperors and a true “first growth” of its time.

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12
Q

When was Falernum crafted?

A

Historic documents and archeological findings tell us that it was most likely crafted since at least the 3rd century BC. It reached its apex just as the Roman Republic ended and the Roman Empire began its explosive growth of splendor and power.

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13
Q

What is the legend/myth of Falernum?

A

It is said that Bacchus, god of wine, appeared in disguise on the slopes of Monte Massico and was given hospitality by an old and humble farmer named Falerno. Despite his modest means, the old farmer welcomed the stranger with everything he had…fruit, honey and milk. Unfortunately, he had no wine to offer. Bacchus, touched by his generosity, rewarded him by turning the milk into wine and as a gift to mankind, turned the slopes of Monte Massico into lush vineyards.

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14
Q

What were the 3 categories of Falernum?

A
  1. Falernum Faustianum: the most prestigious and sought-after. It was produced at mid-level elevation on hilly slopes (most probably where the village of Falciano del Massico lies today)
  2. Falernum Caucinum: Second tier. It hailed from the highest elevations on the hills.
  3. Falernum: produced from low-lying vineyards.

Note: a price list found on a bare wall in the ruins of ancient Pompei shows Falernum was four times more expensive than any other wine.

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15
Q

Why is it that Falernum is considered the precursor of the modern wine appellation concept?

A

Due to the sub-division into well-defined (for that time) winegrowing zones and the fact that it was conserved in amphorae, each one carrying information about the specific origin of the wine inside with regard to winegrowing zone, vintage and sometimes even producer.

Many consider Falernum the first wine appellation in history.

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16
Q

What grapes were used to produce Falernum?

A

The grape or grapes used remains unknown.

Most experts agree that it was a white wine. Some have suggested that Falanghina, Greco and even Aglianico may have contributed to the blend.

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17
Q

How is it known that Falernum was very high in alcohol?

A

Pliny the Elder mentioned that Falernum Faustianum was the only wine that could catch fire if it approached a flame.

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18
Q

What are some known characteristics about the wine Falernum?

A

The wines were exposed to sun or smoke. Honey, spices, resins and even sea water were added to soften and prolong the wine’s life. It was usually aged for long periods in clay amphorae (usually more than 10 years - and the longer the better).
The resulting wines were powerful, strong, dark amber in color and needed to be diluted with water.

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19
Q

Where is the Aversa DOC located?

A

This appellation lies around the town of Aversa on the coast of the Tyrhennian Sea in northwest Campania.

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20
Q

Which grape variety are the wines of Aversa DOC based on?

A

The local grape, Asprinio.

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21
Q

What are the soil types found in Aversa DOC?

A

The winegrowing area is mostly flat and fertile.
There is a tufo sub-soil covered by deep layers of volcanic material.

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22
Q

What traditional vine training system is used in Aversa DOC?

A

Alberata Aversana; this method shows the strong and long-lasting link this area retains to ancient Etruscan viticultural practices.

Although new and recently planted vineyards have been converted to more modern vine training systems, the traditional alberata is now considered an essential part of the local landscape. It is safeguarded by the disciplinare through the use of the designation alberata or vigneti ad alberata for those wines produced exclusively from vineyards trained with this traditional system.

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23
Q

Describe how Asprinio vines are trained in Averso using the Alberata Aversana method.

A

Vines (including very old, ungrafted prephylloxera vines) are trained very high using poplar and elm trees as support. This system allows vines to grow vertically, forming an astonishing wall of grap canopy that extends 33-50ft/10-15m or more above the ground. During harvest, pickers have to climb special ladders to harvest the grapes.

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24
Q

What are the requirements for wines from Aversa DOC?

A
  • min. 85% Asprinio

Spumante versions:
* 100% Asprinio

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25
Q

How does traditional wine production of Aversa DOC compare to current practices?

A

As in the past, wines are still often cellared in underground tufo caves. These cellars maintain cool temperatures all year long.

Traditionally, Asprinio wines were fizzy. Today, most of the wines are either still or fully sparkling.

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26
Q

What grapes are used to produce wines from Casavecchia di Pontelatone DOC?

A

This wine is based on the native and rare red variety Casavecchia.

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27
Q

What are the characteristics of wines produced from Casavecchia di Pontelatone DOC?

A

Deeply pigmented, full-bodied and boast a complex, savory profile.

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28
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Casavecchia di Pontelatone DOC?

A
  • rosso
  • rosso riserva
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29
Q

What grapes are used to produce wines in Galluccio DOC?

A
  • rosso based on Aglianico
  • rosato based on Aglianico
  • bianco based on Falanghina
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30
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Galluccio DOC?

A
  • bianco
  • rosato
  • rosso
  • rosso riserva
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31
Q

Name the Central Coastal appellations.

A
  • Campi Flegrei DOC
  • Vesuvio DOC - Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio
  • Ischia DOC
  • Penisola Sorrentina DOC
  • Costa d’Amalfi DOC
  • Capri DOC
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32
Q

Where is Campi Flegrei DOC located?

A

This large, volcanic depression lies to the west of the city of Napoli. The winegrowing area overlooks the Bay of Pozzuoli (Golfo di Pozzuoli). The island of Procida is included in this DOC.

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33
Q

Where does Campi Flegrei DOC get its name from?

A

The name of the DOC is derived from ancient Greek and translates as “burning fields”.
Since ancient times, the area has been known for its intense volcanic activity.
In classical Roman mythology, the area (Lake Averno in particular) was considered the gateway to the Roman underworld.

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34
Q

What is the volcanic activity in Campi Flegrei DOC?

A

The entire area has been shaped by successive volcanic eruptions over thousands of years.
Although these volcanos have been technically dormant now for more than 400 years, there are still gas and steam emissions and hydrothermal activity (making for popular thermal baths).

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35
Q

Where in Campi Flegrei DOC are vineyards planted?

A

At altitudes of 160-650ft/50-200m.
Often stiuated on slopes with medium to high gradients that require the construction of artificial escarpment or dry-stone retaining walls

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36
Q

What types of soils are found in Campi Flegrei DOC?

A

Deep volcanic soils composed of layers of volcanic ash, lapilli, pumices and yellow tufo (tuff) rocks.
They are loose and sandy.

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37
Q

Which variety is the most important red grape of Campi Flegrei DOC?

A

Piedirosso, locally called Per’ e’ Palummo.
Campi Flegrei Piedirosso DOC

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38
Q

What are the grape requirements of wines from Campi Flegrei Piedirosso DOC?

A

Min. 90% Piedirosso.

In practice, they usually are 100% Piedirosso.

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39
Q

Name the most widely planted and most important white grape of Campi Flegrei DOC.

A

Falanghina; usually Falanghina Flegrea.

Campi Flegrei Falanghina DOC

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40
Q

What are the grape requirements of wines from Campi Flegrei Falanghina DOC

A

Min. 90% Falanghina.

In practice, most bottlings are 100%.

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41
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Campi Flegrei DOC?

A
  • bianco
  • rosso
  • Falanghina spumante
  • Falanghina passito
  • Piedirosso riserva
  • Piedirosso rosato
  • Piedirosso passito
  • varietal
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42
Q

Where is Vesuvio DOC located?

A

The appellation forms a circle around the slopes of the Vesuvio volcano, dressing it in a green mantle of vines and orchard.

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43
Q

What types of soil are found in Vesuvio DOC?

A

The top-soil is composed of deep layers of volcanic ash and pulverized lava.

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44
Q

Where along Vesuvio are the vineyards of Vesuvio DOC planted?

A

They lie between 160-1,300ft/50-400m above sea level and are positione on the low- and mid-sections of the volcano’s slopes.

This provides a range of different winegrowing conditions in terms of elevation and exposure.

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45
Q

What is Lacryma Christi in the appellation of Vesuvio DOC?

A

It is a sub-designation of the appellation with slightly more stringent production standards such as:
* lower max. yields
* higher min. alcohol levels

This traditional designation graces the majority of the DOC’s wine labels.

These wines have been around for centuries and are deeply rooted in the history of this place. They continue to be popular by virtue of the suggestive name.

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46
Q

What grapes are used in wines labeled Lacryma Christi Rosso?

A

Based on:
* Piedirosso

Small (optional) additions of:
* Sciascinoso
* Aglianico.

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47
Q

What grapes are used in wines labeled Lacryma Christi Bianco?

A

Based on:
* Caprettone and/or
* Coda di Volpe Bianca

With small (optional) additions of:
* Falanghina and/or
* Greco

Note: changes to blending rules were meant to address the fact that Caprettone, previously considered a biotype of Coda di Volpe Bianca, has been identified as a distinct grape variety.

Erratus: blending rules changed

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48
Q

What styles of wine are produced from Vesuvio DOC without the Lacryma Christi designation?

A
  • Bianco
  • Rosso
  • Rosato

Note: these wines are made according to the same blending formulas.
The difference is that wines labeled Lacryma Christi require higher min. abv.

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49
Q

What styles of wine are produced under Vesuvio DOC?

A
  • Lacryma Christi bianco
  • Lacryma Christi superiore
  • Lacryma Christi rosso
  • Lacryma Christi rosso riserva
  • Lacryma Christi rosato
  • Lacryma Christi spumante
  • Lacryma Christi bianco passito
  • Lacryma Christi bianco liquoroso
  • Vesuvio spumante
  • varietal wines (under Vesuvio DOC)
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50
Q

What is the origin of the name Lacryma Christi?

A

This name means “tears of Christ”. Its origin is shrouded in mystery.

One of the most well-known speaks of a piece of heaven that fell into the Gulf of Napol when Lucifer was banished. The rogue angel had the gall to take a piece of paradise with him. Christ, saddened by the loss of such a good angel and of that detached piece of heaven, wept. Where his tears fell, vines sprung forth. The wine made from those vines was called Lacryma Christi.

Another story involves medieval monks who produced wine from the vines of Vesuvio. A few historical documents suggest that the use of the word “lagrima” was in existence since the 16th century and referred to a rudimentary drip filtering process (hence “lagrima” or tears). The name Lacryma Christi began to appear from the 17th century onward.

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51
Q

Which of Campania’s islands is the largest?

A

Ischia; and the third most populated island of Italy.

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52
Q

What appellation was Campania’s first DOC?

A

Ischia DOC

Viticulture and wine remained so tightly linked with the history and economy of the island that it contributed to its recognition.
It is listed among the first DOCs approved in all of Italy.

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53
Q

Where is Ischia DOC located?

A

This volcanic island is situated at the northern end of the Bay of Napoli right in front of the Campi Flegrei DOC.

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54
Q

How long has viticulture been an important part of the island of Ischia?

A

Since the 8th century BC, when Greek settlers arrived and introduced the vine.

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55
Q

What is Ischia’s nickname and why?

A

“L’isola verde” (the green island) because of its lush vegetation and because of the greenish cast to the island’s volcanic tufo.

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56
Q

How are the vineyards in Ischia DOC planted?

A

All of the vines are planted on steep, narrow terraces scattered irregularly across the island.
Volcanic tufo has been used to build the dry-stone retaining walls in local vineyards for centuries.
“Heroic viticulture” is a practice here with steep inclines.

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57
Q

What grapes are used to produce wines in Ischia DOC?

A

Varietals from:
* Biancolella
* Forastera
* Piedirosso

Ischia Bianco (white blend):
* Forastera
* Biancolella

Ischia Rosso:
* Piedirosso
* Guarnaccia

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58
Q

Which variety is considered to be Ischia’s signature grape?

A

Biancolella

59
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Ischia DOC?

A
  • bianco
  • rosso
  • spumante
  • bianco superiore
  • Piedirosso passito
  • varietal
60
Q

Where is Penisola Sorrentina DOC located?

A

This impervious and jagged, rocky spit stretches into the Tyrrhenian Sea from the central portion of the Campanian coastline

61
Q

Name the principal wine of Penisola Sorrentina DOC.

A

Penisola Sorrentina Rosso
* Piedirosso-bassed
* Complemented by Sciascinoso, Aglianico and small additions of other local, rare grape varieties

The rosso is traditionally produced in a frizzante style and is typically drunk lightly chilled.

Note: a bianco is also produced under this DOC.

62
Q

Name the 3 official sub-zones of Penisola Sorrentina DOC.

A
  1. Gragnano
  2. Lettere
  3. Sorrento
63
Q

Where is Costa d’Amalfi DOC located?

A

This picturesque local corresponds to the southeastern portion of the Sorrento Peninsula. It faces the Bay of Salerno.

It is listed among the UNESCO World Heritage sites.

64
Q

Where in Costa d’Amalfi DOC are the vineyards planted?

A

They are planted on the steep and rocky cliffs, maintained by building ingenious terraces sustained by dry-stone retaining walls.
Vines are planted at elevations that often exceed 1,600ft/500m.
Viticulture here is both “heroic” and miraculous.

65
Q

What are the soil types in Costa d’Amalfi DOC?

A

Loose, well-draining volcanic material as top-soil.
The sub-soils are dolomite limestone.

66
Q

What vinetraining system is used in Costa d’Amalfi DOC?

A

The traditional overhead pergola is the main system used.

67
Q

What is distinctive about the vines in Costa d’Amalfi DOC?

A

Vines are low-yielding and grow on their own rootstocks.
There are also several impressive examples of centenarian vines.

68
Q

What important crop is produced in Costa d’Amalfi DOC other than grapes?

A

The most famous is the lemon. The variety of lemons grown on this coast (“sfusato”) is particularly renowned. They are used to produce the local lemon liqueur limoncello.
The lemon groves (“giardini di limoni”) are also cultivated on steep terraces and their yellow colour contributes to the incredible beauty of this world-famous coast.

69
Q

What is the Amalfi coast known for in regards to native grapes?

A

Possessing a cache of native grapes that have been growing on this stretch of coastline for centuries; many of these are found nowhere else. A significant number play a small but important role in blends, including:

White:
* Ginestra
* Ripolo
* Fenile
* Pepella

Red:
* Tintore

70
Q

What grapes are used to produce wines in Costa d’Amalfi DOC?

A

Costa d’Amalfi Bianco DOC:
* Falanghina
* Biancolella

Costa d’Amalfi Rosso DOC:
* Piedirosso
* Aglianico
* Sciascinoso

71
Q

Name the 3 sub-zones of Costa d’Amalfi DOC.

A
  • Ravello
  • Furore
  • Tramonti

Wines from these sub-zones are particularly celebrated. They have stricter production standards and can appear on labels provided that the graes were grown in the designated zone.

72
Q

What styles of wine are produced from Costa d’Amalfi DOC?

A
  • bianco
  • rosso
  • bianco spumante
  • bianco passito
  • rosato
  • rosso passito
73
Q

Which DOC has the smallest area under vine in Campania?

A

Capri DOC

The few vineyards that remain are planted on tiny terraces comprised of volcanic soils; they overlook the sea.

74
Q

What grapes are used to produce wines from Capri DOC?

A

Capri Bianco; based on:
* Falanghina
* Greco
* Biancolella

Capri Rosso; based on:
* Piedirosso

Capri Bianco is considered the most distinquished wine on the island.

75
Q

Name the appellations of Sannio.

A
  • Aglianico del Taburno DOCG
  • Falanghina del Sannio DOC
  • Sannio DOC
76
Q

Which is Campania’s largest wine-producing district in terms of volume and the area under vine?

A

Sannio

More than half of its total production is DOC/G.

77
Q

Where is the Sannio wine-producing district located?

A

It is within the province of Benevento, in northern Campania, and is named for its historic sub-region.

78
Q

When did Aglianico del Taburno receive DOCG status?

A

2011

It is one of the 3 most important appellations for Aglianico in Italy.

79
Q

Where are the vineyards of Aglianico del Taburno DOCG planted?

A

The highest concentration is found on the hills in the northern part of the appellation.
Vineyards of the southern portion lie at higher elevations and the area is cooler.

80
Q

What are the soil types found in Aglianico del Taburno DOCG

A

Calcareous clays and sandstones often topped with a layer of volcanic material.

81
Q

What are the grape requirements for wines from Aglianico del Taburno DOCG?

A

Min. 85% Aglianico

Almost all producers tend to make wines that are 100% Aglianico.

82
Q

What are the aging requirements for wines from Aglianico del Taburno DOCG?

A
  • min. 2 years aging

Riserva:
* higher min. alcohol (min. 13% abv)
* min. 3 years aging
* min. 1 year in wood
* min. 6 months in bottle

83
Q

What is unique about the Aglianico grape grown in Taburno?

A

The Taburno area has grown its own biotype of Aglianico. The locals call it “Aglianico Amaro”.
It is the most common biotype planted here and is known for being higher in acidity than the others.

84
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Aglianico del Taburno DOCG?

A
  • Aglianico varietal
  • rosato
85
Q

Name the 3 main biotypes of Aglianico.

A
  • Aglianico Amaro (Aglianico del Taburno DOCG) from Taburno
  • Aglianico di Taurasi from Taurasi
  • Aglianico del Vulture from Vulture in Basilicata
86
Q

Which sub-regional appellation, entirely dedicated to the grape Falanghina, accounts for three-quarters of Campania’s Falanghina acreage?

A

Falanghina del Sannio DOC

It is also one of the largest DOCs of Campania in terms of volume.

87
Q

How does the large size of Falanghina del Sannio DOC result in considerable variation of winegrowing conditions across the appellation?

A

The western half of the appellation receives higher rainfall and is slightly warmer than the eastern half.
Soils also vary.

88
Q

What are the soil types found in Falanghina del Sannio DOC?

A

Clay, volcanic materials, sandstone, limestone and alluvial deposits.
There is variation across this large appellation.

89
Q

What are the grape requirements for wines from Falanghina del Sannio DOC?

A

Min. 85% Falanghina

90
Q

Which biotype of Falanghina is the most widespread variety in Falanghina del Sannio DOC?

A

Falanghina Benevantana

91
Q

What are the characteristics of wines from Falanghina del Sannio DOC?

A

Smooth, yet pleasantly sustained by crisp acidity with fragrant, fruity aromas and floral notes.

92
Q

Name the 4 official sub-zones of Falanghina del Sannio DOC.

A
  1. Guardiolo (Guardia Sanframondi)
  2. Sant’Agata dei Goti
  3. Solopaca
  4. Taburno
93
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Falanghina del Sannio DOC?

A
  • Falanghina varietal
  • spumante
  • vendemmia tardiva
  • passito
94
Q

Who is Leonardo Mustilli?

A

He was a wine producer who, in the 1970s, selected and propagated Falanghina from old vines that he found growing in abandoned vineyards around Sant’Agata dei Goti.

The Falanghina recovered by him was initially thought to be a biotype of Falanghina Flegrea.
Today, it has been proven that it is actually a distinct variety now referred to as Falanghina Beneventana.

95
Q

What area does the Sannio DOC cover?

A

This sub-regional appellation covers the same geographic ara as the Falanghina del Sannio DOC.

It joins the Falanghina DOC as one of Campania’s largest DOCs in terms of volume.

96
Q

What grape varieties are used to produce wines in Sannio DOC?

A

Varietal(most important/distinctive):
* Fiano
* Greco
* Coda di Volpe Bianca
* Aglianico

Other Varietals released:
* Piedirosso
* Barbera del Sannio (Camaiola)
* Moscato

Errata 2021

97
Q

Name the 5 official sub-zones of Sannio DOC.

A
  1. Guardiolo (Guardia Sanframondi)
  2. Sant’Agata dei Goti
  3. Solopaca
  4. Solopaca Classico
  5. Taburno
98
Q

What styles of wine are produced under Sannio DOC?

A
  • bianco
  • rosso
  • rosato
  • spumante
  • passito
  • varietal
99
Q

Which of Campania’s wine districts is qualitatively most important? Why?

A

Irpinia

3 of the 4 DOCG appellations in Campania belong here.
It produces one of the highest proportions of DOC/G wine within the region.

100
Q

Name the appellations of Irpinia.

A
  • Taurasi DOCG
  • Greco di Tufo DOCG
  • Fiano di Avellino DOCG
  • Irpinia DOC
101
Q

Name the rivers of Irpinia.

A
  • Calore River
  • Sabato River
102
Q

Describe the landsacpe of Irpinia.

A

This is a large area with a diverse landscape that includes hills and mountains, valleys and plateaus.
Vineyards are planted on hills, often at significant elevations. This results in considerable diurnal temperature swings.
Conditions are ideal for white grapes and the red Aglianico, which needs to ripen slowly.

103
Q

What are the soil types found in Irpinia?

A

Volcanic soils rich in minerals are a common feature, though there is some diversity.

104
Q

What is ‘The Wine Railroad’?

A

Between the end of the 19th century and the first part of the 20th century, Irpinia became one of the major winemaking districts in Italy. Bulk red wine made from Aglianico was shipped up north to satisfy the demands of French and Italian winegrowing regions that were grappling with phylloxera.
The railroad, nicknamed “ferrovia del vino” (wine railroad), routed through the main wine villages of Irpinia, Taurasi and Lapio.
Aglianico was loaded here and sent to Avellino before being shipped to its final destination.

105
Q

When was Taurasi elevated to DOCG status?

A

1993; it was the first appellation to hold this ranking in southern Italy.

106
Q

Who is Antonio Mastroberardino?

A

He is universally considered the founding father of Campania’s modern wine industry.
After the havoc caused by phylloxera and WWII, Antonio and his two brothers Angelo and Walter, began to replant their vineyards with local varieties such as Aglianico, Greco and Fiano.
Even when the government promoted planting more productive Italian varieties such as Sangiovese and Trebbiano Toscano in the 1950s &1960s in order to facilitae speedier economic recovery, Antonio held true to the regions’ native grapes.
He persuaded local growers to continue growing native varieties and paid them a higher price for these grapes.
His efforts were rewarded when Taurasi received DOC status in 1970.

107
Q

Where are the vineyards of Taurasi DOCG planted?

A

They flank the Calore River and lie at significant elevations, ranging between 1,000-2,300ft/300-700m.

108
Q

What types of soils are found in Taurasi DOCG?

A

Mostly composed of calcareous-clays and marine-origin limestone interspersed with volcanic materials such as ash, tuff, lapilli and pumices.
Within this terroir are pockets of sandy-clays and sandstone.

109
Q

What vinetraining method is used in Taurasi DOCG?

A

Widely trained by Cordone Speronato or Guyot.
But there are still old and ungrafted vines trained in the traditional raggiera system (locally called “Starza).

110
Q

What influence contributes to the multiple expressions of Aglianico in Taurasi DOCG?

A

The great diversity of winegrowing conditions within the appellation due to elevation and average temperatures.

Some expressions are more approachable in their youth; some firmly structured for longterm ageing.

111
Q

What year did Matroberardino release his Taurasi Riserva?

A

1968; a year that has become a landmark in the history of this appellation. The wine was legendary and helped to give stature to the wines of Taurasi and Irpinia.

112
Q

What are the grape requirements for wines from Taurasi DOCG?

A

Min. 85% Aglianico

The wines are usually made from 100% Aglianico.

113
Q

What are the ageing requirments for wines from Taurasi DOCG?

A
  • min. 3 years
  • min. 1 year in wood

Riserva:
* min. 4 years
* min. 18 months in wood

114
Q

What is typically used to age the wines of Taurasi DOCG?

A

Small oak barrels are common, but so are the more traditional, large botti made from either oak or chestnut.
Many adopt a combination of both.

115
Q

What are the characteristics of wines from Taurasi DOCG?

A

Structured, powerful and complex. Full-bodied and high in alcohol with substantial fine-grained tannins and marked acidity.

Due to the high levels of acidity/tannin, some of the wines can be quite fierce and austere in their youth. But this massive structure allows these wines to age very well.

116
Q

What is the most prestigious appellation for wines made from Greco?

A

Greco di Tufo DOCG

117
Q

What is significant about Greco di Tufo DOCG and its winegrowing region?

A

This is Irpinia’s smallest winegrowing appellation, but the proportion of the area under vine is high!

118
Q

Where are the vineyards of Greco di Tufo DOCG planted?

A

They lie on the hills flanking the Sabato River.
Elevation varies from 1,000-2,100+ft/300-650+m.
Some are quite steep, particularly in Tufo.

119
Q

What types of soils are found in Greco di Tufo DOCG?

A

High in clay content and often mixed with limestone, sand and volcanic material.
They are also rich in sulfur.

120
Q

Where does the town of Tufo get its name from?

A

This ancient name comes from the tufaceous subsoil that forms the hill upon which the township sits. This small village became well-known in the the late 19th centruy for its abundant sulfur resources.

In the 1970s, when the sulfur mines tapped out, viticulture gradually increased in importance.
Today, wine production drives the local economy, thanks to the Greco di Tufo DOCG.

121
Q

What are the grape requirements for wines from Greco di Tufo DOCG?

A
  • Greco
  • max. 15% Coda di Volpe Bianca

In practice, wines are usually 100% Greco.

122
Q

What vessels are used in the vinification process of wines from Greco di Tufo DOCG?

A

Stainless steel (for the majority).

123
Q

What are the requirements of riserva wines from Greco di Tufo DOCG?

A

Riserva:
* min. 1 year aging

*Errata 2021

124
Q

What are the requirements for spumante wines from Greco di Tufo DOCG?

A

Spumante:
* min. 18 months on lees

Spumante Riserva:
* min. 36 months on lees
* must be produced via Metodo Classico

*Errata 2021

125
Q

What are the characteristics of wines from Greco di Tufo DOCG?

A

Vibrant acidity, a textured mouthfeel and a mineral combination with cereal grain, earth and flinty-smoky notes.
With age, the wines develop intense notes of honey and toasted nut.

These wines are often described as being “sulfurei”, i.e. they display a certain flinty-smoky note on the nose. Some associate this to the high level in sulfur in the soils.

126
Q

Where is Fiano di Avellino DOCG located?

A

This appellation includes more than 20 villages that lie on hills surrounding the city of Avellino. The northern portion borders Greco di Tufo DOCG. The Sabato River flows north through both appellations.

127
Q

What are the soil types found in Fiano di Avellino DOCG?

A

Rich in volcanic elements and high in clay.

128
Q

What elevation are the vineyards of Fiano di Avellino DOCG planted?

A

Mostly, 1,000-2,100ft/300-650m.
But some do reach higher than 2,300ft/700m.

129
Q

How does the large geographic size of Fiano di Avellino DOCG influence the wines produced there?

A

Size, coupled with variation in elevation, aspect, soils and harvest dates, results in wines with markedly different structural and flavour profiles.

130
Q

Name the 4 areas (corresponding to villages) recognized for the character and quality of their wines in Fiano di Avellino DOCG.

A
  • Lapi
  • Montefredane
  • Summonte
  • Cesinali
131
Q

What are the grape requirements for wines from Fiano di Avellino DOCG?

A

Min. 85% Fiano

Approved blending partners (max 15%):
* Greco
* Coda di Volpe Bianca
* Trebbiano Toscano

These wines are usually 100% Fiano.

132
Q

What are the requirements of Riserva wines produced from Fiano di Avellino DOCG?

A

Min. 1 year aging

*Errata 2021

133
Q

How are the wines of Fiano di Avellino DOCG typically vinified?

A
  • in stainless steel
  • often left on their fine lees for a few months
134
Q

What are the characteristics of wines from Fiano di Avellino DOCG?

A

The best wines are considered among the finest and longest-lived Italian wines.
They age well and show their true potential after a few years of bottle age when floral, fruity and herbal aromas give way to more intense, nutty and toasty-smoky notes.
The best examples develop complex peaty, flinty-petrol, briny nuances over time.

135
Q

What is “Apianum”?

A

The ancient latin name of Fiano.

This name may appear on labels of wines from Fiano di Avellino DOCG.

136
Q

What area does the Irpinia DOC cover?

A

This sub-regional appellation covers the entire province of Avellino.

137
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Irpinia DOC?

A

Among the most distinctive varietals:
* Aglianico
* Coda di Volpe
* Falanghina
* Fiano
* Greco

Others:
* bianco
* rosso
* rosato
* novello
* spumante
* passito
* liquoroso
* varietal

138
Q

Name the appellations of Cilento.

A
  • Cilento DOC
  • Castel San Lorenzo DOC
139
Q

Where is the Cilento DOC located?

A

This appellation covers a large geographical area stretching from the Sele Plain to the Basilicata border, in the southern reaches of Campania.

140
Q

What are the most important wines from Cilento DOC?

A

Varietal wines made from:
* Fiano
* Aglianico

141
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Cilento DOC?

A
  • bianco
  • rosato
  • rosso
  • varietal
142
Q

Where is Castel San Lorenzo DOC located?

A

This appellation lies on the hills to the northeast of the Cilento DOC, in southern Campania.

143
Q

What grapes are used to produce wines from Castel San Lorenzo DOC?

A

Bianco based on:
* Trebbiano Toscano
* Malvasia Bianca

Rosso & Rosato based on:
* Barbera
* Sangiovese

Varietal:
* Barbera
* Moscato
* Aglianicone (a distinct variety from Aglianico)

Spumante, Passito and Lambiccato from:
* Moscato

144
Q

Name the IGTs of Campania.

A
  • Benevento IGT (Beneventano IGT): covers the entire Benevento province. It is quantitatively one of the most important IGTs in Italy.
  • Campania IGT: the regional IGT covering the region’s entire winegrowing area.
  • Roccamonfina IGT: a small IGT that produces a few high-quality wines.
  • Colli di Salerno IGT: a small IGT that produces a few high-quality wines.

Italian Wine Scholar: Central & Southern Italy (29 decks)

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