Campania: Appellations Flashcards
1
Q
Where is Caserta Province located?
A
This covers the northwest quarter of Campania.
2
Q
Name the appellations of Caserta Province in Campania.
A
- Falerno del Massico DOC
- Aversa (Asprinio di Aversa) DOC
- Casavecchia di Pontelatone DOC
- Galluccio DOC
3
Q
When/why was the Falerno del Massico DOC created?
A
In 1989, with the arduous intent to revive the 2000 year old legacy of the ancient Roman first growth appellation, Falernum.
This DOC corresponds, in large part, to the same winegrowing district from which the famous Roman wine originated.
4
Q
Where are the vineyards of Falerno del Massico DOC planted?
A
All around the limestone massif of Monte Massico and on the foothills of the extinct volcano, Roccamonfina.
5
Q
What are the soil types found in Massico?
A
Composed of a layer of volcanic top-soil atop a limestone sub-soil.
6
Q
Name the principal grapes of Falerno del Massico DOC.
A
Red:
* Aglianico
* Piedirosso
* Primitivo
White:
* Falanghina (usually Flegrea)
Note: Primitive, a grape virtually found only in Puglia, is considered traditional here.
7
Q
What grapes are used to produce Falerno del Massico Rosso DOC wines?
A
This is an Aglianico-based wine to which a small proportion of Piedirosso is often added.
8
Q
How does the Primitivo variety fair in Falerno del Massico DOC?
A
This grape is largely planted to the south and southeast of Monte Massico where the sea has a greater impact on climate.
Here, this grape is made into the powerful, concentrated and structured varietal Falerno del Massico Primitivo DOC.
9
Q
What grapes are used in Falerno del Massico Bianco DOC
A
Falanghina is the base of this fragrant and fruity white wine.
10
Q
What styles of wine are produced in Falerno del Massico DOC?
A
- bianco
- rosso
- rosso riserva
- Primitivo riserva
- varietal
11
Q
What was Falernum?
A
It is considered to be one of the greateast wines of antiquity. For the Romans, it was the greatest and most sought-after wine of all - a wine for emperors and a true “first growth” of its time.
12
Q
When was Falernum crafted?
A
Historic documents and archeological findings tell us that it was most likely crafted since at least the 3rd century BC. It reached its apex just as the Roman Republic ended and the Roman Empire began its explosive growth of splendor and power.
13
Q
What is the legend/myth of Falernum?
A
It is said that Bacchus, god of wine, appeared in disguise on the slopes of Monte Massico and was given hospitality by an old and humble farmer named Falerno. Despite his modest means, the old farmer welcomed the stranger with everything he had…fruit, honey and milk. Unfortunately, he had no wine to offer. Bacchus, touched by his generosity, rewarded him by turning the milk into wine and as a gift to mankind, turned the slopes of Monte Massico into lush vineyards.
14
Q
What were the 3 categories of Falernum?
A
- Falernum Faustianum: the most prestigious and sought-after. It was produced at mid-level elevation on hilly slopes (most probably where the village of Falciano del Massico lies today)
- Falernum Caucinum: Second tier. It hailed from the highest elevations on the hills.
- Falernum: produced from low-lying vineyards.
Note: a price list found on a bare wall in the ruins of ancient Pompei shows Falernum was four times more expensive than any other wine.
15
Q
Why is it that Falernum is considered the precursor of the modern wine appellation concept?
A
Due to the sub-division into well-defined (for that time) winegrowing zones and the fact that it was conserved in amphorae, each one carrying information about the specific origin of the wine inside with regard to winegrowing zone, vintage and sometimes even producer.
Many consider Falernum the first wine appellation in history.
16
Q
What grapes were used to produce Falernum?
A
The grape or grapes used remains unknown.
Most experts agree that it was a white wine. Some have suggested that Falanghina, Greco and even Aglianico may have contributed to the blend.
17
Q
How is it known that Falernum was very high in alcohol?
A
Pliny the Elder mentioned that Falernum Faustianum was the only wine that could catch fire if it approached a flame.
18
Q
What are some known characteristics about the wine Falernum?
A
The wines were exposed to sun or smoke. Honey, spices, resins and even sea water were added to soften and prolong the wine’s life. It was usually aged for long periods in clay amphorae (usually more than 10 years - and the longer the better).
The resulting wines were powerful, strong, dark amber in color and needed to be diluted with water.
19
Q
Where is the Aversa DOC located?
A
This appellation lies around the town of Aversa on the coast of the Tyrhennian Sea in northwest Campania.
20
Q
Which grape variety are the wines of Aversa DOC based on?
A
The local grape, Asprinio.
21
Q
What are the soil types found in Aversa DOC?
A
The winegrowing area is mostly flat and fertile.
There is a tufo sub-soil covered by deep layers of volcanic material.
22
Q
What traditional vine training system is used in Aversa DOC?
A
Alberata Aversana; this method shows the strong and long-lasting link this area retains to ancient Etruscan viticultural practices.
Although new and recently planted vineyards have been converted to more modern vine training systems, the traditional alberata is now considered an essential part of the local landscape. It is safeguarded by the disciplinare through the use of the designation alberata or vigneti ad alberata for those wines produced exclusively from vineyards trained with this traditional system.
23
Q
Describe how Asprinio vines are trained in Averso using the Alberata Aversana method.
A
Vines (including very old, ungrafted prephylloxera vines) are trained very high using poplar and elm trees as support. This system allows vines to grow vertically, forming an astonishing wall of grap canopy that extends 33-50ft/10-15m or more above the ground. During harvest, pickers have to climb special ladders to harvest the grapes.
24
Q
What are the requirements for wines from Aversa DOC?
A
- min. 85% Asprinio
Spumante versions:
* 100% Asprinio
25
How does traditional wine production of **Aversa DOC** compare to current practices?
As in the past, wines are still often cellared in underground *tufo* caves. These cellars maintain cool temperatures all year long.
Traditionally, **Asprinio** wines were fizzy. Today, most of the wines are either still or fully sparkling.
26
What grapes are used to produce wines from Casavecchia di Pontelatone DOC?
This wine is based on the native and rare red variety Casavecchia.
27
What are the characteristics of wines produced from Casavecchia di Pontelatone DOC?
Deeply pigmented, full-bodied and boast a complex, savory profile.
28
What styles of wine are produced in Casavecchia di Pontelatone DOC?
* *rosso*
* *rosso riserva*
29
What grapes are used to produce wines in Galluccio DOC?
* *rosso* based on Aglianico
* *rosato* based on Aglianico
* *bianco* based on Falanghina
30
What styles of wine are produced in Galluccio DOC?
* *bianco*
* *rosato*
* *rosso*
* *rosso riserva*
31
Name the *Central Coastal* appellations.
* **Campi Flegrei DOC**
* **Vesuvio DOC - Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio**
* **Ischia DOC**
* Penisola Sorrentina DOC
* **Costa d'Amalfi DOC**
* Capri DOC
32
Where is **Campi Flegrei DOC** located?
This large, volcanic depression lies to the west of the city of *Napoli*. The winegrowing area overlooks the *Bay of Pozzuoli* (*Golfo di Pozzuoli*). The island of *Procida* is included in this DOC.
33
Where does **Campi Flegrei DOC** get its name from?
The name of the DOC is derived from ancient Greek and translates as "*burning fields*".
Since ancient times, the area has been known for its intense volcanic activity.
In classical Roman mythology, the area (*Lake Averno* in particular) was considered the gateway to the Roman underworld.
34
What is the volcanic activity in **Campi Flegrei DOC**?
The entire area has been shaped by successive volcanic eruptions over thousands of years.
Although these volcanos have been technically dormant now for more than 400 years, there are still gas and steam emissions and hydrothermal activity (making for popular thermal baths).
35
Where in **Campi Flegrei DOC** are vineyards planted?
At altitudes of 160-650ft/50-200m.
Often stiuated on slopes with medium to high gradients that require the construction of artificial escarpment or dry-stone retaining walls
36
What types of soils are found in **Campi Flegrei DOC**?
Deep volcanic soils composed of layers of volcanic ash, lapilli, pumices and yellow tufo (tuff) rocks.
They are loose and sandy.
37
Which variety is the most important red grape of **Campi Flegrei DOC**?
**Piedirosso**, locally called Per' e' Palummo.
**Campi Flegrei Piedirosso DOC**
38
What are the grape requirements of wines from **Campi Flegrei Piedirosso DOC**?
Min. 90% **Piedirosso**.
In practice, they usually are 100% **Piedirosso**.
39
Name the most widely planted and most important white grape of **Campi Flegrei DOC**.
**Falanghina**; usually **Falanghina Flegrea**.
**Campi Flegrei Falanghina DOC**
40
What are the grape requirements of wines from **Campi Flegrei Falanghina DOC**
Min. 90% **Falanghina**.
In practice, most bottlings are 100%.
41
What styles of wine are produced in **Campi Flegrei DOC**?
* *bianco*
* *rosso*
* **Falanghina** *spumante*
* **Falanghina** *passito*
* **Piedirosso** *riserva*
* **Piedirosso** *rosato*
* **Piedirosso** *passito*
* varietal
42
Where is **Vesuvio DOC** located?
The appellation forms a circle around the slopes of the Vesuvio volcano, dressing it in a green mantle of vines and orchard.
43
What types of soil are found in **Vesuvio DOC**?
The top-soil is composed of deep layers of volcanic ash and pulverized lava.
44
Where along Vesuvio are the vineyards of **Vesuvio DOC** planted?
They lie between 160-1,300ft/50-400m above sea level and are positione on the low- and mid-sections of the volcano's slopes.
This provides a range of different winegrowing conditions in terms of elevation and exposure.
45
What is **Lacryma Christi** in the appellation of **Vesuvio DOC**?
It is a sub-designation of the appellation with slightly more stringent production standards such as:
* lower max. yields
* higher min. alcohol levels
This traditional designation graces the majority of the DOC's wine labels.
These wines have been around for centuries and are deeply rooted in the history of this place. They continue to be popular by virtue of the suggestive name.
46
What grapes are used in wines labeled **Lacryma Christi Rosso**?
Based on:
* **Piedirosso**
Small (optional) additions of:
* **Sciascinoso**
* **Aglianico**.
47
What grapes are used in wines labeled **Lacryma Christi Bianco**?
Based on:
* **Caprettone** and/or
* **Coda di Volpe Bianca**
With small (optional) additions of:
* **Falanghina** and/or
* **Greco**
Note: changes to blending rules were meant to address the fact that **Caprettone**, previously considered a biotype of **Coda di Volpe Bianca**, has been identified as a distinct grape variety.
| Erratus: blending rules changed
48
What styles of wine are produced from **Vesuvio DOC** without the **Lacryma Christi** designation?
* *Bianco*
* *Rosso*
* *Rosato*
Note: these wines are made according to the same blending formulas.
The difference is that wines labeled Lacryma Christi require higher min. abv.
49
What styles of wine are produced under **Vesuvio DOC**?
* Lacryma Christi *bianco*
* Lacryma Christi *superiore*
* Lacryma Christi *rosso*
* Lacryma Christi *rosso riserva*
* Lacryma Christi *rosato*
* Lacryma Christi *spumante*
* Lacryma Christi *bianco passito*
* Lacryma Christi *bianco liquoroso*
* Vesuvio *spumante*
* varietal wines (under Vesuvio DOC)
50
What is the origin of the name **Lacryma Christi**?
This name means "tears of Christ". Its origin is shrouded in mystery.
One of the most well-known speaks of a piece of heaven that fell into the Gulf of Napol when Lucifer was banished. The rogue angel had the gall to take a piece of paradise with him. Christ, saddened by the loss of such a good angel and of that detached piece of heaven, wept. Where his tears fell, vines sprung forth. The wine made from those vines was called Lacryma Christi.
Another story involves medieval monks who produced wine from the vines of Vesuvio. A few historical documents suggest that the use of the word "lagrima" was in existence since the 16th century and referred to a rudimentary drip filtering process (hence "lagrima" or tears). The name Lacryma Christi began to appear from the 17th century onward.
51
Which of **Campania**'s islands is the largest?
**Ischia**; and the third most populated island of Italy.
52
What appellation was **Campania**'s first **DOC**?
**Ischia DOC**
Viticulture and wine remained so tightly linked with the history and economy of the island that it contributed to its recognition.
It is listed among the first DOCs approved in all of Italy.
53
Where is **Ischia DOC** located?
This volcanic island is situated at the northern end of the *Bay of Napoli* right in front of the **Campi Flegrei DOC**.
54
How long has viticulture been an important part of the island of **Ischia**?
Since the 8th century BC, when Greek settlers arrived and introduced the vine.
55
What is **Ischia**'s nickname and why?
"*L'isola verde*" (*the green island*) because of its lush vegetation and because of the greenish cast to the island's volcanic *tufo*.
56
How are the vineyards in **Ischia DOC** planted?
All of the vines are planted on steep, narrow terraces scattered irregularly across the island.
Volcanic *tufo* has been used to build the dry-stone retaining walls in local vineyards for centuries.
"Heroic viticulture" is a practice here with steep inclines.
57
What grapes are used to produce wines in **Ischia DOC**?
Varietals from:
* **Biancolella**
* **Forastera**
* **Piedirosso**
**Ischia Bianco** (white blend):
* **Forastera**
* **Biancolella**
**Ischia Rosso**:
* **Piedirosso**
* **Guarnaccia**
58
Which variety is considered to be **Ischia**'s signature grape?
**Biancolella**
59
What styles of wine are produced in **Ischia DOC**?
* *bianco*
* *rosso*
* *spumante*
* *bianco superiore*
* **Piedirosso** *passito*
* varietal
60
Where is Penisola Sorrentina DOC located?
This impervious and jagged, rocky spit stretches into the *Tyrrhenian Se*a from the central portion of the **Campanian** coastline
61
Name the principal wine of Penisola Sorrentina DOC.
Penisola Sorrentina Rosso
* Piedirosso-bassed
* Complemented by Sciascinoso, Aglianico and small additions of other local, rare grape varieties
The rosso is traditionally produced in a frizzante style and is typically drunk lightly chilled.
| Note: a bianco is also produced under this DOC.
62
Name the 3 official sub-zones of Penisola Sorrentina DOC.
1. Gragnano
2. Lettere
3. Sorrento
63
Where is **Costa d'Amalfi DOC** located?
This picturesque local corresponds to the southeastern portion of the Sorrento Peninsula. It faces the Bay of Salerno.
It is listed among the UNESCO World Heritage sites.
64
Where in **Costa d'Amalfi DOC** are the vineyards planted?
They are planted on the steep and rocky cliffs, maintained by building ingenious terraces sustained by dry-stone retaining walls.
Vines are planted at elevations that often exceed 1,600ft/500m.
Viticulture here is both "heroic" and miraculous.
65
What are the soil types in **Costa d'Amalfi DOC**?
Loose, well-draining volcanic material as top-soil.
The sub-soils are dolomite limestone.
66
What vinetraining system is used in **Costa d'Amalfi DOC**?
The traditional overhead *pergola* is the main system used.
67
What is distinctive about the vines in **Costa d'Amalfi DOC**?
Vines are low-yielding and grow on their own rootstocks.
There are also several impressive examples of centenarian vines.
68
What important crop is produced in **Costa d'Amalfi DOC** other than grapes?
The most famous is the lemon. The variety of lemons grown on this coast ("*sfusato*") is particularly renowned. They are used to produce the local lemon liqueur limoncello.
The lemon groves ("*giardini di limoni*") are also cultivated on steep terraces and their yellow colour contributes to the incredible beauty of this world-famous coast.
69
What is the Amalfi coast known for in regards to native grapes?
Possessing a cache of native grapes that have been growing on this stretch of coastline for centuries; many of these are found nowhere else. A significant number play a small but important role in blends, including:
White:
* Ginestra
* Ripolo
* Fenile
* Pepella
Red:
* Tintore
70
What grapes are used to produce wines in **Costa d'Amalfi DOC**?
**Costa d'Amalfi Bianco DOC**:
* Falanghina
* Biancolella
**Costa d'Amalfi Rosso DOC**:
* Piedirosso
* Aglianico
* Sciascinoso
71
Name the 3 sub-zones of **Costa d'Amalfi DOC**.
* Ravello
* Furore
* Tramonti
Wines from these sub-zones are particularly celebrated. They have stricter production standards and can appear on labels provided that the graes were grown in the designated zone.
72
What styles of wine are produced from **Costa d'Amalfi DOC**?
* *bianco*
* *rosso*
* *bianco spumante*
* *bianco passito*
* *rosato*
* *rosso passito*
73
Which DOC has the smallest area under vine in **Campania**?
Capri DOC
The few vineyards that remain are planted on tiny terraces comprised of volcanic soils; they overlook the sea.
74
What grapes are used to produce wines from Capri DOC?
Capri Bianco; based on:
* Falanghina
* Greco
* Biancolella
Capri Rosso; based on:
* Piedirosso
Capri Bianco is considered the most distinquished wine on the island.
75
Name the appellations of **Sannio**.
* **Aglianico del Taburno DOCG**
* **Falanghina del Sannio DOC**
* **Sannio DOC**
76
Which is **Campania**'s largest wine-producing district in terms of volume and the area under vine?
**Sannio**
More than half of its total production is **DOC/G**.
77
Where is the **Sannio** wine-producing district located?
It is within the province of *Benevento*, in northern **Campania**, and is named for its historic sub-region.
78
When did **Aglianico del Taburno** receive **DOCG** status?
**2011**
It is one of the 3 most important appellations for **Aglianico** in Italy.
79
Where are the vineyards of **Aglianico del Taburno DOCG** planted?
The highest concentration is found on the hills in the northern part of the appellation.
Vineyards of the southern portion lie at higher elevations and the area is cooler.
80
What are the soil types found in **Aglianico del Taburno DOCG**
*Calcareous clays* and *sandstones* often topped with a layer of *volcanic* material.
81
What are the grape requirements for wines from **Aglianico del Taburno DOCG**?
Min. 85% **Aglianico**
Almost all producers tend to make wines that are 100% **Aglianico**.
82
What are the aging requirements for wines from **Aglianico del Taburno DOCG**?
* min. 2 years aging
*Riserva*:
* higher min. alcohol (min. 13% abv)
* min. 3 years aging
* min. 1 year in wood
* min. 6 months in bottle
83
What is unique about the **Aglianico** grape grown in **Taburno**?
The **Taburno** area has grown its own biotype of **Aglianico**. The locals call it "**Aglianico Amaro**".
It is the most common biotype planted here and is known for being higher in acidity than the others.
84
What styles of wine are produced in **Aglianico del Taburno DOCG**?
* **Aglianico** varietal
* *rosato*
85
Name the 3 main biotypes of **Aglianico**.
* **Aglianico Amaro** (**Aglianico del Taburno DOCG**) from *Taburno*
* **Aglianico di Taurasi** from *Taurasi*
* **Aglianico del Vulture** from *Vulture* in *Basilicata*
86
Which sub-regional appellation, entirely dedicated to the grape **Falanghina**, accounts for three-quarters of **Campania**'s **Falanghina** acreage?
**Falanghina del Sannio DOC**
It is also one of the largest DOCs of **Campania** in terms of volume.
87
How does the large size of **Falanghina del Sannio DOC** result in considerable variation of winegrowing conditions across the appellation?
The western half of the appellation receives higher rainfall and is slightly warmer than the eastern half.
Soils also vary.
88
What are the soil types found in **Falanghina del Sannio DOC**?
*Clay*, *volcanic* materials, *sandstone*, *limestone* and *alluvial* deposits.
There is variation across this large appellation.
89
What are the grape requirements for wines from **Falanghina del Sannio DOC**?
Min. 85% **Falanghina**
90
Which biotype of Falanghina is the most widespread variety in **Falanghina del Sannio DOC**?
**Falanghina Benevantana**
91
What are the characteristics of wines from **Falanghina del Sannio DOC**?
Smooth, yet pleasantly sustained by crisp acidity with fragrant, fruity aromas and floral notes.
92
Name the 4 official sub-zones of **Falanghina del Sannio DOC**.
1. **Guardiolo** (Guardia Sanframondi)
2. **Sant'Agata dei Goti**
3. **Solopaca**
4. **Taburno**
93
What styles of wine are produced in **Falanghina del Sannio DOC**?
* **Falanghina** varietal
* *spumante*
* *vendemmia tardiva*
* *passito*
94
Who is **Leonardo Mustilli**?
He was a wine producer who, in the 1970s, selected and propagated **Falanghina** from old vines that he found growing in abandoned vineyards around *Sant'Agata dei Goti*.
The **Falanghina** recovered by him was initially thought to be a biotype of **Falanghina Flegrea**.
Today, it has been proven that it is actually a distinct variety now referred to as **Falanghina Beneventana**.
95
What area does the **Sannio DOC** cover?
This sub-regional appellation covers the same geographic ara as the **Falanghina del Sannio DOC**.
It joins the Falanghina DOC as one of Campania's largest DOCs in terms of volume.
96
What grape varieties are used to produce wines in **Sannio DOC**?
Varietal(most important/distinctive):
* **Fiano**
* **Greco**
* **Coda di Volpe Bianca**
* **Aglianico**
Other Varietals released:
* **Piedirosso**
* Barbera del Sannio (**Camaiola**)
* **Moscato**
| Errata 2021
97
Name the 5 official sub-zones of **Sannio DOC**.
1. **Guardiolo** (Guardia Sanframondi)
2. **Sant'Agata dei Goti**
3. **Solopaca**
4. **Solopaca Classico**
5. **Taburno**
98
What styles of wine are produced under **Sannio DOC**?
* *bianco*
* *rosso*
* *rosato*
* *spumante*
* *passito*
* varietal
99
Which of **Campania**'s wine districts is qualitatively most important? Why?
**Irpinia**
3 of the 4 DOCG appellations in **Campania** belong here.
It produces one of the highest proportions of **DOC/G** wine within the region.
100
Name the appellations of **Irpinia**.
* **Taurasi DOCG**
* **Greco di Tufo DOCG**
* **Fiano di Avellino DOCG**
* Irpinia DOC
101
Name the rivers of **Irpinia**.
* *Calore River*
* *Sabato River*
102
Describe the landsacpe of **Irpinia**.
This is a large area with a diverse landscape that includes hills and mountains, valleys and plateaus.
Vineyards are planted on hills, often at significant elevations. This results in considerable diurnal temperature swings.
Conditions are ideal for white grapes and the red Aglianico, which needs to ripen slowly.
103
What are the soil types found in **Irpinia**?
*Volcanic* soils rich in minerals are a common feature, though there is some diversity.
104
What is 'The Wine Railroad'?
Between the end of the 19th century and the first part of the 20th century, **Irpinia** became one of the major winemaking districts in Italy. Bulk red wine made from **Aglianico** was shipped up north to satisfy the demands of French and Italian winegrowing regions that were grappling with phylloxera.
The railroad, nicknamed "*ferrovia del vino*" (wine railroad), routed through the main wine villages of **Irpinia**, **Taurasi** and **Lapio**.
**Aglianico** was loaded here and sent to *Avellino* before being shipped to its final destination.
105
When was **Taurasi** elevated to **DOCG** status?
**1993**; it was the first appellation to hold this ranking in southern Italy.
106
Who is **Antonio Mastroberardino**?
He is universally considered the founding father of **Campania**'s modern wine industry.
After the havoc caused by phylloxera and WWII, Antonio and his two brothers Angelo and Walter, began to replant their vineyards with local varieties such as Aglianico, Greco and Fiano.
Even when the government promoted planting more productive Italian varieties such as Sangiovese and Trebbiano Toscano in the 1950s &1960s in order to facilitae speedier economic recovery, Antonio held true to the regions' native grapes.
He persuaded local growers to continue growing native varieties and paid them a higher price for these grapes.
His efforts were rewarded when Taurasi received DOC status in 1970.
107
Where are the vineyards of **Taurasi DOCG** planted?
They flank the *Calore River* and lie at significant elevations, ranging between 1,000-2,300ft/300-700m.
108
What types of soils are found in **Taurasi DOCG**?
Mostly composed of *calcareous-clays* and marine-origin *limestone* interspersed with *volcanic* materials such as *ash*, *tuff*, *lapilli* and *pumices*.
Within this terroir are pockets of *sandy-clays* and *sandstone*.
109
What vinetraining method is used in **Taurasi DOCG**?
Widely trained by *Cordone Speronato* or *Guyot*.
But there are still old and ungrafted vines trained in the traditional *raggiera* system (locally called "*Starza*).
110
What influence contributes to the multiple expressions of **Aglianico** in **Taurasi DOCG**?
The great diversity of winegrowing conditions within the appellation due to elevation and average temperatures.
Some expressions are more approachable in their youth; some firmly structured for longterm ageing.
111
What year did **Matroberardino** release his **Taurasi Riserva**?
**1968**; a year that has become a landmark in the history of this appellation. The wine was legendary and helped to give stature to the wines of **Taurasi** and **Irpinia**.
112
What are the grape requirements for wines from **Taurasi DOCG**?
Min. 85% **Aglianico**
The wines are usually made from 100% **Aglianico**.
113
What are the ageing requirments for wines from **Taurasi DOCG**?
* min. 3 years
* min. 1 year in wood
*Riserva*:
* min. 4 years
* min. 18 months in wood
114
What is typically used to age the wines of **Taurasi DOCG**?
Small oak barrels are common, but so are the more traditional, large *botti* made from either oak or chestnut.
Many adopt a combination of both.
115
What are the characteristics of wines from **Taurasi DOCG**?
Structured, powerful and complex. Full-bodied and high in alcohol with substantial fine-grained tannins and marked acidity.
Due to the high levels of acidity/tannin, some of the wines can be quite fierce and austere in their youth. But this massive structure allows these wines to age very well.
116
What is the most prestigious appellation for wines made from **Greco**?
**Greco di Tufo DOCG**
117
What is significant about **Greco di Tufo DOCG** and its winegrowing region?
This is **Irpinia**'s smallest winegrowing appellation, but the proportion of the area under vine is high!
118
Where are the vineyards of **Greco di Tufo DOCG** planted?
They lie on the hills flanking the *Sabato River*.
Elevation varies from 1,000-2,100+ft/300-650+m.
Some are quite steep, particularly in *Tufo*.
119
What types of soils are found in **Greco di Tufo DOCG**?
High in *clay* content and often mixed with *limestone*, *sand* and *volcanic* material.
They are also rich in sulfur.
120
Where does the town of *Tufo* get its name from?
This ancient name comes from the tufaceous subsoil that forms the hill upon which the township sits. This small village became well-known in the the late 19th centruy for its abundant sulfur resources.
In the 1970s, when the sulfur mines tapped out, viticulture gradually increased in importance.
Today, wine production drives the local economy, thanks to the **Greco di Tufo DOCG**.
121
What are the grape requirements for wines from **Greco di Tufo DOCG**?
* **Greco**
* max. 15% **Coda di Volpe Bianca**
In practice, wines are usually 100% **Greco**.
122
What vessels are used in the vinification process of wines from **Greco di Tufo DOCG**?
Stainless steel (for the majority).
123
What are the requirements of *riserva* wines from **Greco di Tufo DOCG**?
*Riserva*:
* min. 1 year aging
| *Errata 2021
124
What are the requirements for spumante wines from **Greco di Tufo DOCG**?
*Spumante*:
* min. 18 months on lees
*Spumante Riserva*:
* min. 36 months on lees
* must be produced via *Metodo Classico*
| *Errata 2021
125
What are the characteristics of wines from **Greco di Tufo DOCG**?
Vibrant acidity, a textured mouthfeel and a mineral combination with cereal grain, earth and flinty-smoky notes.
With age, the wines develop intense notes of honey and toasted nut.
These wines are often described as being "sulfurei", i.e. they display a certain flinty-smoky note on the nose. Some associate this to the high level in sulfur in the soils.
126
Where is **Fiano di Avellino DOCG** located?
This appellation includes more than 20 villages that lie on hills surrounding the city of Avellino. The northern portion borders **Greco di Tufo DOCG**. The *Sabato River* flows north through both appellations.
127
What are the soil types found in **Fiano di Avellino DOCG**?
Rich in *volcanic* elements and high in *clay*.
128
What elevation are the vineyards of **Fiano di Avellino DOCG** planted?
Mostly, 1,000-2,100ft/300-650m.
But some do reach higher than 2,300ft/700m.
129
How does the large geographic size of **Fiano di Avellino DOCG** influence the wines produced there?
Size, coupled with variation in elevation, aspect, soils and harvest dates, results in wines with markedly different structural and flavour profiles.
130
Name the 4 areas (corresponding to villages) recognized for the character and quality of their wines in **Fiano di Avellino DOCG**.
* **Lapi**
* **Montefredane**
* **Summonte**
* **Cesinali**
131
What are the grape requirements for wines from **Fiano di Avellino DOCG**?
Min. 85% **Fiano**
Approved blending partners (max 15%):
* **Greco**
* **Coda di Volpe Bianca**
* **Trebbiano Toscano**
These wines are usually 100% **Fiano**.
132
What are the requirements of *Riserva* wines produced from **Fiano di Avellino DOCG**?
Min. 1 year aging
| *Errata 2021
133
How are the wines of **Fiano di Avellino DOCG** typically vinified?
* in stainless steel
* often left on their fine lees for a few months
134
What are the characteristics of wines from **Fiano di Avellino DOCG**?
The best wines are considered among the finest and longest-lived Italian wines.
They age well and show their true potential after a few years of bottle age when floral, fruity and herbal aromas give way to more intense, nutty and toasty-smoky notes.
The best examples develop complex peaty, flinty-petrol, briny nuances over time.
135
What is "**Apianum**"?
The ancient latin name of **Fiano**.
This name may appear on labels of wines from **Fiano di Avellino DOCG**.
136
What area does the Irpinia DOC cover?
This sub-regional appellation covers the entire province of *Avellino*.
137
What styles of wine are produced in Irpinia DOC?
Among the most distinctive varietals:
* **Aglianico**
* **Coda di Volpe**
* **Falanghina**
* **Fiano**
* **Greco**
Others:
* *bianco*
* *rosso*
* *rosato*
* *novello*
* *spumante*
* *passito*
* *liquoroso*
* varietal
138
Name the appellations of **Cilento**.
* Cilento DOC
* Castel San Lorenzo DOC
139
Where is the Cilento DOC located?
This appellation covers a large geographical area stretching from the *Sele Plain* to the **Basilicata** border, in the southern reaches of **Campania**.
140
What are the most important wines from Cilento DOC?
Varietal wines made from:
* **Fiano**
* **Aglianico**
141
What styles of wine are produced in Cilento DOC?
* *bianco*
* *rosato*
* *rosso*
* varietal
142
Where is Castel San Lorenzo DOC located?
This appellation lies on the hills to the northeast of the Cilento DOC, in southern **Campania**.
143
What grapes are used to produce wines from Castel San Lorenzo DOC?
*Bianco* based on:
* Trebbiano Toscano
* Malvasia Bianca
*Rosso* & *Rosato* based on:
* Barbera
* Sangiovese
Varietal:
* Barbera
* Moscato
* Aglianicone (a distinct variety from Aglianico)
*Spumante*, *Passito* and *Lambiccato* from:
* Moscato
144
Name the IGTs of **Campania**.
* Benevento IGT (Beneventano IGT): covers the entire Benevento province. It is quantitatively one of the most important IGTs in Italy.
* Campania IGT: the regional IGT covering the region's entire winegrowing area.
* Roccamonfina IGT: a small IGT that produces a few high-quality wines.
* Colli di Salerno IGT: a small IGT that produces a few high-quality wines.
