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Question 1

what is crude oil

Answer 1

a finite resource found in rocks and is a mixture of many different compounds that boil at different temperatures

Question 2

what is the crude oil mixture separated for

Answer 2

to make useful fuels

Question 3

how can you separate a mixture of liquids

Answer 3

distillation

Question 4

what are the most the compounds found in crude oil

Answer 4

hydrocarbons

Question 5

what are the hydrocarbons in crude oil

Answer 5

alkanes that are saturated hydrocarbons

Question 6

what is the mnemonic for the first 4 hydrocarbons

Answer 6

monkeys eat peeled bananas

Question 7

how is crude oil separated

Answer 7

fractional distillation

Question 8

what does the larger the molecule mean to a hydrocarbon

Answer 8

the larger the molecule, the higher the boiling point

Question 9

how does fractional distillation work

Answer 9

-the crude oil is vaporised and fed into a fractioning column
-inside the column there are many trays with holes to allow gases through.
-the hydrocarbons condense to liquids when they reach their level that is at their boiling point.
-different liquids collect on the trays at different levels.

Question 10

how does a fractionating column work

Answer 10

a tall tower that is hot at the bottom snd cool at the top

Question 11

what does a low viscosity mean

Answer 11

they are runny liquids

Question 12

what do fractions with a smaller molecule have

Answer 12

have lower boiling points, low viscosity and are very flammable.

Question 13

what does burning any fuel produce

Answer 13

carbon dioxide

Question 14

what happens when pure hydrocarbons are burnt completely

Answer 14

they are oxidised to carbon dioxide and water

Question 15

how do you test for water

Answer 15

blue cobalt chloride paper which will turn pink in contact with water

Question 16

how can large hydrocarbons be broken down into smaller molecules

Answer 16

cracking

Question 17

how can cracking be done

Answer 17

steam cracking - by heating a mixture of hydrocarbon vapours and steam to a very high temperature
or
catalytic cracking - by passing hydrocarbon vapours over a hot catalyst

Question 18

what are the two methods of cracking

Answer 18

steam and catalytic

Question 19

what happens during cracking

Answer 19

thermal decomposition reactions produce a mixture of smaller molecules which some are alkanes and some alkenes

Question 20

what are alkenes

Answer 20

unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain fewer hydrogen atoms..

Question 21

how do you know if the molecule is unsaturated

Answer 21

double covalent bond between carbon atoms

Question 22

what makes alkenes more reactive than alkanes

Answer 22

alkenes have a double carbon bond

Question 23

how can you test for unsaturated compounds

Answer 23

bromine water which will turn from orange to colourless if there is unsaturated compounds