C14//2 Flashcards

1
Q

why is smelting bad

A

uses huge amounts of energy which is very expensive and causes environmental pollution

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2
Q

what other ways are scientists developing to extract copper

A

using bacteria such as - bioleaching or phytomining to extract copper from low grade ores

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3
Q

why is bioleaching and phytomining better

A

have less environmental impact than smelting

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4
Q

what is phytomining

A

grows plants on soil containing low grade copper ore
the plants absorb copper ions
the plants are burnt and the copper is extracted

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5
Q

what is bioleaching

A

uses bacteria to produce a solution of copper compounds from waste copper ore
scrap iron can then be added to solutions of the copper compounds to displace the copper

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6
Q

how else can copper be extracted from copper compounds

A

electrolysis

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7
Q

What are life cycle assessments (LCA)

A

used to assess the impact on the environment caused by manufacturing products

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8
Q

what are the 4 stages of LCA

A

raw material extraction
manufacture
use/reuse/maintenance
recycle/waste management

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9
Q

how do you carry out an LCA

A

list all inputs (energy etc) and all outputs (into environment) then evaluate the potential environmental impacts and interpret results

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10
Q

why should LCA be peer reviewed

A

to check the data and validity of conclusions drawn

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11
Q

why is allocating values to environmental impacts more difficult

A

requires subjective scientific judgements to be made

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12
Q

what is the aim of reduce, reuse and recycle

A

to reduce the use of limited resources and energy sources, produce less waste and reduce pollution

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13
Q

what are produced from limited supplies of raw materials

A

metals, glass, clay

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