C11 Flashcards
what are plastics made from
polymers
what are polymers made from
many small molecules joined together, called monomers
what is polymerisation
the reaction to produce a polymer
how is an addition polymer formed
when thousands of alkene molecules join together
the double covalent bond opens up and becomes a single carbon bond
how many products are formed in the two different polymerisations
addition polymerisation - 1
condensation polymerisation - 2
what are the main products of condensation polymerisation
main product is the polymer but you also get a smaller molecule usually water
how condensation polymerisation work
there are two monomers used
each monomer has a functional group at both ends of its molecule
the functional groups react to form long polymer chains
what is a polyester
formed from a diol (alcohol containing two -OH groups)
the monomers link together and polymerise by ester links and a water molecule is given off
give examples of natural polymers
starch cellulose and proteins
what is the chemical formula for glucose
C6 H12 06
what is a monosaccharide
made of only one sugar unit for example glucose
what is a polysaacharide
a monosaccharide sugar acting as a monomer
name two polymers formed from glucose
starch
cellulose
what is the monomer of a protein
amino acids
what are the functional groups of amino acids
-NH2 and -COOH
draw glycine
how is dna made
condensation polymerisation of the monomer nucleotides so it is known as a polynucleotide
what does the dna molecule consist of
a double helix made of two long polymer strands
what do the 4 different nucleotides consist of
amino acids attached to a sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group
what is the reaction fir a diol and dicarboxylic acid
produces polyester + water
