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OBGYN 1 > C8: Normal Fetal Brain Anatomy > Flashcards

C8: Normal Fetal Brain Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what does the CNS develop from?

A

the neural plate which is a thickened area of the ectoderm

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2
Q

when does the CNS develop

A

4.5 wks

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3
Q

when do the cranial and caudal end close

A

cranial: 38 LMP
caudal: 40 LMP

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4
Q

what areas are the most common for neural tube defects

A

rostral and caudal end

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5
Q

the rostral portion of the neural tube differentiates into what 3 parts

A
  • prosencephalon: forms the forebrain
  • mesencephalon: forms the midbrain
  • rhombencephalon: forms the hindbrain
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6
Q

what does the forebrain divide into

A
  • telencephalon which form the cerebral hemispheres

- diencephalon which forms the thalamus and hypothalamus

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7
Q

describe the mesencephalon

A
  • forms the midbrain
  • smallest part of the brain
  • forms the cerebral peduncles
  • anterior to the aqueduct of sylvius
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8
Q

describe the rhombencephalon…

What does it form?

A

-forms the hind brain, which includes:
+cerebellum and pons (metencephalon)
+medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)

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9
Q

Where is the cerebellum and pons/metencephalon located?

A
  • pons is located B/w the midbrain and the medulla oblongata

- pons connects the cerebrum to the cerebellum

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10
Q

Where is the medulla oblongata/myelencephalon located?

What is its function

A
  • extends from the pons to the spinal cord

- regulated HR, respiratory rhythm and BP

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11
Q

Which structure in the fetal brain is the first to be seen? When is in seen in wks

A

The rhombencephalon

@ 7-8 wks

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12
Q

What function is the cerebrum responsible for?

A

Learned behaviour and personality

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13
Q

What lobes is the cerebrum composed of?

A 
2 frontal lobes
2 parietal
2 occipital
2 temporal
2 insula lobes
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14
Q

What are the 2 insula lobes responsible for

A

Motor and sensory function

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15
Q

List what each of the lobes of the cerebrum are responsible for

A

Frontal: personality and voluntary movement

Parietal: peripheral sensory

Temporal: small, taste, hearing

Occipital; vision

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16
Q

Where is the insula located

A

On the medial inside of the brain

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17
Q

What are the ventricles?

Which structure are they continuous with and what do they contain?

A

4 connecting cavities in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain

Continuous with the spinal cord cavity…. contain CSF and choroid plexus

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18
Q

Is the 3rd ventiricle usually seen on US?

A

No

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19
Q

What is the ventricular system composed of

A
  • Lateral ventricles
  • foramen of monro
  • 3rd ventricle
  • aqueduct of Sylvius
  • 4th ventricle
  • foramen of magendie and luschka
  • spinal cord
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20
Q

What are the other terms for the foramen of monro and aqueduct of sylvius

A

Foramen: Interventricular foramen

Aqueduct: cerebral aqueduct

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21
Q

Describe the foramen of magendie, where is it located?

A
  • medial aspect of 4th ventricle

- connects to the spinal cord

22
Q

Describe the foramen of luschka, where is it located?

A
  • 2 foramen
  • located on lateral aspect of 4th ventricle
  • connects w/ meninges of brain
23
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles located? Describe their shape

A

-in the cerebral hemispheres

-largest ventricle that has a body and 3 horns…
+anterior/frontal horns
+posterior/occipital horns
+inferior/temporal horns

24
Q

What is the trigone/atria

A

Junction where the body, temporal and occipital horns meet

25
Q

Does the anterior/frontal horn have any choroid? Where is it located?

A

No… anterior to the foramen of monro

26
Q

Where is the3rd ventricle located? Describe its shape.

Which other ventricles does it communicate with

A
  • b/w the thalami and inferior to the corpus callosum
  • thin slit shape
  • communicates with the lateral ventricles through the foramen of monro and the 4th ventricle via the aqueduct of sylvius
27
Q

Where is the 4rd ventricle located? Describe its shape.

Which other structures does it communicate with

A
  • w/in the brain stem and anterior to the cerebellum
  • communicates with central canal of the spinal cord through the foramen of magendie and the subarachnoid spaces of the meninges through the foramen of luschka
28
Q

What do the choroid plexus produce and where are they located

A

Produce CSF

  • Located in the body of the lateral ventricles
  • roof of 3rd ventricles
  • superior side of 4th ventricles
29
Q

Up until how many wks do we see the germinal matrix

What does the germinal matrix produce

A

28 wks

Produces neurons

30
Q

What is the corpus callosum

Where is it located?

A

A bridge of white matter nerve fibers that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres

-deep in the longitudinal fissure

31
Q

What are the 4 parts of the corpus callosum

A

Rostrum
Genu
Body
Splenium

32
Q

If the CSP isn’t present, which structure is commonly missing as well

A

Corpus callosum

33
Q

What are the meninges?

What are the layers from inner to outer?

A

Protective areas of the brain that surround the brain and enter the sulcui and gyri

  1. Pia matter
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Dura mater
34
Q

What are the sulci and gyri

A

Gyri: convolutions
Sulci: grooves

35
Q

Where is the CSP located and what structures does it separate

A

Anterior and superior to the thalamus

-separates the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles

36
Q

If you’re showing the equal sign for the CSP what structure are you actually showing

A

Columns of the fornix

37
Q

Where is the cavum vergae located and when does it close

A
  • @ the posterior tip of the CSP

- closes @ 26 wks

38
Q

What are the function of the sulci?

A

Allow for more cerebral cortex and grey matter development and increases SA of brain

39
Q

Where is the cisterna magna located and what does it contain

A
  • b/w the cerebellum and occipital bone

- contains CSF

40
Q

When would the cisterna magna be absent

What measurement is considered abnormal

A

If the fetus has spinal bifida

> 10mm (marker for Down syndrome)

41
Q

What are the linear folds sometimes seen in the cisterna magna

A

Dura fold that attach to the flax cerebelli

42
Q

What is the falx cerebri

A

Double layer of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres… considered to be a layer of the meninges

43
Q

Where does the falx cerebri run?

A

W/in the longitudinal fissure/interhemispheric fissure

44
Q

The thalamus is part of what larger structure of the brain?

What type of matter is it composed of?

A

Diencephalon

Grey matter

45
Q

What’s the function of the thalamus

Where is it located

A
  • main relay center for sensory impulses… impulses from R side of the body are sent through the thalamus to the L cerebral hemisphere
  • posterior to the CSP
46
Q

Where is the cerebellum located

A

-beneath the occipital lobes in the posterior fossa…. posterior to the pons and medulla

47
Q

What separated the 2 lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum?

How will the vermis appear on US

A
  • cerebellar vermis and the falx cerebelli

- echogenic

48
Q

What’s the function of the cerebellum

A

Coordinates movement

49
Q

What is the tentorium

A

Dura matter that separates the occipital lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum

50
Q

What happens to the circle of Willis in IUGR

A

-if there’s asymmetrical IUGR blood will be shunted to the brain and the middle cerebral artery will show high diastolic flow with decreased resistance

51
Q

Which artery in the circle of Willis in most commonly dopplered

A

Middle cerebral artery

OBGYN 1 (24 decks)

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