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OBGYN 1 > C1: Female Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

C1: Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does the innominate bone composed of?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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2
Q

What is the acetabulum

A

The socket for the hip joint

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3
Q

What is the boundary of the pelvis that divides the true and false pelvis?
What is the anterior and posterior boundary?

A

Accurate line
Anterior boundary is the superior margin of the pubic symphysis
Posterior boundary is the sacral prominence

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4
Q

What is another word for accurate line?

A

Linea Terminalis
Pelvis brim
Iliopectineal line

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5
Q

Structures in the true pelvis

A 
Uterus
Ovaries
Fallopian tube
Vessels
Muscles
Rectum and bowel
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6
Q

Structures in false pelvis

A

Bowel

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7
Q

Segments of the uterus

A

Fundus
Corpus
Isthmus (flexible)
Cervix (fixed)

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8
Q

In a retroverted uterus…

A

The fundus is lower than the cervix

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9
Q

Shapes of the uterus (reproductive and menop and infant and newborns)

A

Pear shaped: reproductive and postmenopausal years

Bilobed: newborns and infants

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10
Q

Normal uterus size (infants and reproductive age)

A

Infantile: 3cm long and 1cm thick
* neonatal is slightly larger than infants

Reproductive size: 8x5x4 cm
* add a centimetre in all directions for multiparous

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11
Q

Cx to Uterus ratio

A

Larger cervix than uterus for infants and post menopause women
1:1 ration instead of 2:1 for the uterus

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12
Q

Uterine layers

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

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13
Q

Layers Endometrium

A 
Stratum functionalis (also called decidual)
-shed during menstration

Stratum Basalis

  • 2nd layer of endometrium
  • never shed
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14
Q

Perimetrium

A

Peritoneal coat

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15
Q

Endometrial phases

A

Menstrual
Proliferative
Secretory

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16
Q

When does the Menstrual Phase occur and how thick with the endometrium be?

A

Right after menstration, endometrium will be <1mm

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17
Q

When does the Proliferative phase occur and how thick is the endometrium?

A

‘3 stripe phase’

Endometrium is 4-8mm

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18
Q

When does the Secretory phase occur and how thick is the endometrium

A

After ovulation, endometrium is the thickest

Endo 7-14mm

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19
Q

Postmenopausal endometrium thickness (with and without bleeding)

A

Should be <9mm without bleeding

<5mm with bleeding…. if the endometrium is >5 mm with bleeding then it’s indicative of endometrial cancer

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20
Q

Vagina relationship to cervix

A

Vagina attached at the level of the internal os and the fornices are the spaces around the cervix/between the vagina and the cervix

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21
Q

Fallopian tubes are contained within which ligament?

A

Contained in the mesosalpinx of broad ligament

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22
Q

Segments of Fallopian tubes

A

Interstitial (narrow)
Isthmus
Ampulla (longest and widest)
Infundibulum (has fimbriae)

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23
Q

Location and structure of Ovaries

A

Found in the fossa of waldeyer

Ovaries have a cortex and a medulla

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24
Q

Size and shape of reproductive ovaries (average)

A

Almond shape

3x2x2….. 6cc, and normal is up to 20ccs

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25
Q

Neonatal ovarian shape and size

A

Ranges, up to 3.6cc

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26
Q

Post menopausal size of ovaries

A

> 8cc is abnormal

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27
Q

What area of the ovaries contain the vessels and connective tissue?

A

Medulla

28
Q

Where does the uterus get its blood supply?

A

From an anterior branch of the internal iliac artery

29
Q

What’s another name for the internal iliac artery?

A

Hypogastric artery

30
Q

What are the branches of the uterine artery?

A

Arcuate artery
Radial artery
Straight arterioles
Spiral arterioles

31
Q

What do the straight arterioles supply?

A

The basal layer of the uterus

32
Q

What do the spiral arterioles supply?

A

The decidual layer of the uterus

33
Q

What is the path of venous blood leaving the uterus?

A 
Venous plexus
Uterine vein
Internal iliac vein
Common iliac vein
IVC
34
Q

Where do ovaries get their blood supply from?

A

The ovarian artery which branches of the aorta

35
Q

How does venous blood return from the ovaries to the heart?

A

Right ovarian vein drains into the IVC

Left ovarian vein drains into the left renal vein, which drain into the IVC

36
Q

The ovarian arteries for an anastomoses with which artery?

A

The uterine arteries….. so the ovaries have a supplementary supply of blood from this artery

37
Q

List the name and number of ligaments in the female pelvis

A 
Broad ligaments (2)
Round ligaments (2)
Uterosacral ligaments (2)
Ovarian ligaments (2)
Suspensory ligaments (2) (also called infundibulopelvic ligaments)
38
Q

What are the broad ligaments?

A

Double folds of peritoneum that draped over pelvis organs

39
Q

What are the names of the two broad ligaments?

A

1) mesosalpinx - drape over the oviducts

2) mesovarium - posterior portion of the peritoneum that attaches to the ovary

40
Q

What are the function of the round ligaments?

A

They hold the uterine fundus and uterine body in a forward postion

41
Q

What is the function of the uterosacral ligaments?

A

Anchor the cervix posteriorly

42
Q

What is the function of the ovarian ligaments?

A

They attach the ovary to the uterus

43
Q

What’s the function of the suspensory or infundibulopelvis ligament?

A

It attaches the ovary to the lateral wall of the pelvis

44
Q

Where is the rectus abdominus found?

A

The anterior wall of the abdomen

45
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

Aponeuroses that fuses the 2 rectus muscles, the oblique muscles and the transverse muscles at the midline

46
Q

Where is the psoas muscle found?

A

The posterior abdominal wall

47
Q

Where is the iliopsoas muscle found?

A

Anterior and lateral in the pelvis… lateral to the external iliacs
Its considered to be in the greater/false pelvis

48
Q

List the muscles found in the true pelvis

A

Obturator internus muscle
Piriformis
Levator ani muscle
Coccygeus

49
Q

List the items the make up the perineum

A 
Urethra
Vagina
Rectum
Coccygeus muscle
Levator ani muscles
     (Pubococcygeus)
     (Iliococcygeus)
50
Q

What are the 2 intraperitoneal potential spaces?

A

1) Posterior cul de sac/rectouterine pouch

2) anterior cul de sac/vesicouterine pouch

51
Q

What are the 2 extraperitoneal spaces?

A

Fornices

Spaces of retzius

52
Q

Which organs does the peritoneum not line in the pelvis?

A

Ovaries

53
Q

What is the landmark for ovaries?

A

Internal iliac arteries

54
Q

What part of the ovary contains the follicles?

A

The cortex

55
Q

The ovarian artery enters which ligament before reaching the ovary?

A

Infundibular ligament/suspensory ligament

56
Q

What shape are the ovaries in infants?

A

Sausage

57
Q

What is the maximum ovarian volume for a pre pubescent child?

A

8cc

58
Q

The round ligaments are also called?

A

Ligamentum tere uteri

59
Q

Where do the utereter travel in relation to the ovaries?

A

Posterior and inferior to the ovaries

60
Q

Ovarian volume of >8ccs for postmenopausal women is normal or abnormal?

A

Abnormal

61
Q

What is the opening an the end of the infundibulum?

A

Ostium

62
Q

where are the obturator interns muscles located

A
  • form side walls of the pelvis

- directly lateral to the uterus (hard to see)

63
Q

where are the piriformis muscles located

A
  • posterior wall of the pelvis

- posterior to the cervix

64
Q

where are the levator ani muscles located

A

MOST INFERIOR MUSCLES

-form the pelvic floor

65
Q

where are the coccygeus muscles located

A

posterior floor of the pelvis

OBGYN 1 (24 decks)

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