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OBGYN 1 > C3: Physiology of the Female Repro Cycle > Flashcards

C3: Physiology of the Female Repro Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Perimenopause… how long does this phase last?

A

A women at the end of her menstrual years (marked by irregular cycle pattern)
Lasts 10 years

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2
Q

What is the qualification for menopause?

A

Periods must have ceased for 1 full year

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3
Q

What produces GnRH/GnRF?

A

The hypothalamus

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4
Q

What is the control centre for the menstrual cycle?

A

Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Function of GnRH?

A

Stimulates anterior pituitary to produce hormones

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6
Q

Which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary by beta cells?

A

FSH and LH

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7
Q

FSH and LH are what type of hormones? And what do they stimulate?

A

Gonadotropins

Stimulate the ovaries.

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8
Q

What specifically does FSH stimulate?

A

The development of follicles

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9
Q

What specifically does LH stimulate? And what does it trigger?

A

The follicles, but to a lesser extent then FSH and the surge of LH is responsible for ovulation

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10
Q

What does LH support?

A

The growth of the corpus luteum

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11
Q

Does LH maintain the corpus luteum?

A

No

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12
Q

What maintains the corpus luteum in pregnancy?

A

hCG

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13
Q

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

A

Estrogen
Progesterone
Relaxin

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14
Q

Where is estrogen produced in the follicle?

A

From the granulose cells lining the follicles

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15
Q

When does peak secretion of estrogen occur?

A

Just BEFORE ovulation

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16
Q

What must occur in order for LH to surge?

A

Estrogen must hit a threshold

17
Q

What causes the endometrium to develop?

A

Estrogen

18
Q

What causes the development of female 2ndary sex characteristics?

A

Estrogen

19
Q

What is the gestational age determined by?

A

LMP

20
Q

What produces progesterone?

A

The corpus luteum

21
Q

When is the peak concentration of progesterone reached?

A

7 days after ovulation

22
Q

What does progesterone induce?

A

Secretory activity and growth of the endometrium

23
Q

And increase of progesterone inhibits the secretion of which hormone?

A

LH

24
Q

What is the purpose of relaxin?

A

Relaxes the symphysis pubis during delivery and helps dilate the cervix for delivery and sperm mobility.

25
Q

What are the stages of menstruation? And what are the timelines for the stages?

A

Menstruation: Day 1-5
Proliferative: Day 6-14 (also follicular phase)
Ovulation: Day 14
Secretory: Day 14-28 (luteal phase)

26
Q

What are common symptoms of menstruation?

A

Mittelschmerz
Fluid Retention
Weight Gain in luteal/secretory phase
Rise in temperature at ovulation

27
Q

What are 4 visual landmarks of the endometrium in the proliferative phase? (from outer to inner)

A

1) Hypoechoic Halo
2) Echogenic edge of endometrium
3) Hypoechoic endometrium
4) Apposing endometrial lining

28
Q

What are 2 visual landmarks of the endometrium in the secretory phase? (from outer to inner)

A

1) Hypoechoic halo (includes the basal layer and vessels)

2) Hyperechoic endometrium

29
Q

How does the endometrium look in postmenopause?

A

Thin: 1-5mm (with transvesicular scanning)

>5mm with EV

30
Q

When is the ovum called the Cumulus Oophorus?

A

When the ovum protrudes from the wall of the follicle into the follicular fluid

31
Q

What are the layers of the ovum?

A

The corona radiate and zone pellucida

32
Q

what does the cumulus oophorus indicate?

A

That ovulation is abut to occur

33
Q

What phase do the spiral arterioles undergo lengthening and how do they lengthen?

A

Proliferative phase

By mitosis

34
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum and estrogen and progesterone levels without fertilization

A

CL degenerates and E and P decrease

35
Q

What happens to the endometrium if fertilization occurs?

A

Endo thickens due to the increase in prog. produced by the corpus luteum

36
Q

What do high levels of estrogen and progesterone cause?

A

High levels suppress the hypothalamus so that ovulation doesn’t occur again

37
Q

when does a Corpus Albicans form?

A

It forms when the corpus luteum degenerates and forms a white scar

38
Q

when does a Corpus Fibrosum form?

A

Occurs when a follicle does not rupture and the corpus luteum doesnt form.
The liquid will gradually absorb and the follicle will shrink

39
Q

when does blood most commonly accumulate in the endometrial canal?

A

Proliferative phase

OBGYN 1 (24 decks)

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