C10.2: Markers Flashcards
what risk factors are soft markers related to
- previous preg
- family history
- maternal age
- maternal serum testing results
what are the 8 soft markers for chromo abnormalities seen on ultrasound
- nuchal fold
- echogenic bowel
- mild ventriculomegaly
- EIF
- CPCs
- single umbilical artery
- enlarged cisterna magna
- pyelectasis
which 3 soft markers, when seen alone, are not associated w/ chromo abnormalities but have an increased risk of abnormalities if seen w/ other markers
- single umbilical artery
- enlarged cisterna magna
- pyelectasis
single umbilical artery is suggestive for which abnormalities
- cardiac (should do fetal echo at 24 wks)
- renal
- growth restrictions/low birth weight
what are the criteria for EIF
where would they be seen and how should we check for them
-must be as bright as bone
- seen in 4 CH view
- split screen and turn down the gains until bone disappears… if EIF still seen then they’re true EIF
where do most EIF occur
the LV (88% only in LV)… quite common
then 5% ONLY in RV
then 7% biventricular
EIF in which areas are the most significant
RV and biventricular
are EIFs associated w/ congenital heart disease
no
what should the nuchal fold measure from 16-17 6/7 wks?
18-24 wks?
16-17 6/7 wks:
< or = 5 mm
18-24 wks:
< or = 6 mm
when assessing for echogenic bowel, your probe frequency should be < or = to what values
5 MHz
how do you assess for echogenic bowel
-split screen and turn down the gains until bone disappears… if bowel still echogenic then its problematic
what is echogenic bowel most commonly associated w/ other than T 21
non-chromo abnormalities:
- cystic fibrosis (main association)
- congenital infection
- intra-amniotic bleeding
what is considered short for gestation age for long bones
- below 2.5% for gestational age (femur or humerus)
- >.9 of that predicted by the BPD
how do we document CPCs
what value is considered abnormal
in 2 planes
> or = to 3 mm
what value for pyelectasis is considered abnormal b/w 16-20 wks?
> or = 5mm
