Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OBGYN 1 > C6.1: Abortion Classifications > Flashcards

C6.1: Abortion Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

define abortion

A

termination of preg prior to 20 weeks, either SA or TA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

whats the rate of preg loss?

A

25%

jumps to 50% at age 45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the characteristics of a threatened abortion what commonly causes it?

A

vaginal bleeding
normal and viable IUP (heart beat seen)
cervix closed
might have cramps

often due to implantation bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is an embryonic demise?

A

embryo present but not heartbeat
OR
no fetus seen within retained membranes, on GS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how does a SA with no retained parts appear?

A

as a normal non gravid uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

maternal factors causing SA

A 
malformation of uterus
toxic agents
infection
hormone failure
implantation didnt occur (poor trophoblastic reaction)
advanced maternal age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fetal factors causing SA

A

malformations

genetic (50-70%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fatal and maternal factors causing SA

A

RH incompatibility

Rh is an antigen of the RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why does RH incompatibility cause SA if left untreated?

A

the mother is Rh- so will produce antibodies that attack the fetus which is Rh+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the clinical signs of SA

A

vagina bleeding
- can be light or heavy, heavy bleeding means she is 3 X more likely to miscarry than light bleeding

cramping
dilated cervix
uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what % of preg will be lost if mom has vaginal bleeding?

for those that arent lost, what % have complications and what are those complications?

A

50%

17% will have complications such as PROM (premature rupture of membranes) and preterm labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

treatments for SA are:

A

nothing

dilation and curettage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a D&C

A

dilate the Cx and clean the uterine cavity

curettage means cleansing of a diseased area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how much of the uterine cavity should the GS occupy at 6, 8, and 10 wks?

A

6: < 1/2
8: 1/2
10: entire cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when does midgut herniation occur and what is the medical term for it?

A

~10 weeks

called physiological midgut herniation (gut herniates out of abdomen, twists, and then goes back in by 12 wks at latest)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do you measure the yolk sac?

A

inner to inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

an normal IUP at 12 6/7 wks reduces that risk of preg loss to what %?

A

1-2%

18
Q

a normal IUP of 6 wks often yields what type of result for the preg?

A

favourable

19
Q

whats a subchorionic hemorrhage?

A

collection of blood near the gestation sac, could be a vanishing twin

20
Q

what are the characteristics of an anembryonic pregnancy?

whats another term for it?

A

GS develops but no embryo
no yolk sac (usually)
bleeding with + preg test

blighted ovum

21
Q

how will an anembryonic pregnancy appear on US?

A

uterus sm for dates
GS w/o fetus

MSD >20mm and no embryo (important, indicates preg isnt viable)

22
Q

why do we do follow ups for anembryonic pregnancies?

A

GS may continue to gros due to hormones

23
Q

what are the characteristics of an embryonic demise?

whats another term for it?

A

fetus dies but stays in uterus
bleeding
small for dates
5mm or greater embryo w/o HB

missed abortion

24
Q

what do embryonic demises often occur?

A

between 10-14 weeks (often embryo has died earlier but patient had no symptoms

25
Q

how will an embryonic demise appear on US?

A 
no FH
macerated fetus (fetal tissue is breaking down and has irregular walls)
scalding sign (brain atrophies and skull bones start to collapse inwards
26
Q

when do we use colour doppler on the fetus and in what trimester?

A

to confirm fetal demise (only in 2nd trimester)

27
Q

what are the characteristics of an inevitable abortion?

A

abortion in progress
patient has active bleeding and cramping
open cervix

28
Q

how will an inevitable abortion appear on US?

A

clot in endometrium
sac low in uterus
may still have FH but detected placenta

29
Q

whats the Ddx for an inevitable abortion?

A

cervical ectopic (do a dynamic EV, will be + for movement if inevitable abortion)

30
Q

what are the characteristics of an incomplete abortion?

A

some parts of conception have passed but others remain in uterus

31
Q

how will an incomplete abortion appear on US?

A

enlarged uterus
poorly defined GS
may see echogenic mass (clot)

32
Q

what are the characteristics of a complete abortion?

A

no products of conception remain

no more bleeding or cramping

33
Q

how will a complete abortion appear on US?

A

empty and enlarger uterus

maybe some blood b/w the endometrial lining

34
Q

what constitutes habitual abortions and what can cause them?

A

3 or more consecutive abortions

due to:
luteal failure
retroverted uterus
DES exposure
unicornuate uterus
chromosome abnormalities
35
Q

what are the characteristics and symptoms of a septic abortion?

A

infected products of conception and either a SA or TA

symptoms: pain, fever, bleeding, discharge

36
Q

how will a septic abortion appear on US?

A

retained products
thick endo
air or gas may be seen

37
Q

why are TA performed and during what time period?

A

up to 20 wks: for malformations or personal choice

from 20w 1d to 22w 6d: for any fetal abnormality

from 23 weeks to term: only if lethal fetal abnormality

38
Q

what is the role of US pre-TA?

A
  • dating preg prior to termination
  • diagnosis of masses or malformations that might hinder the procedure (bicornutate)
  • location of IUCD
  • guidance
39
Q

what is the role of US post-TA?

A

diagnosis complications from TA

40
Q

what are the methods of inducting abortion <14 wks and >14wks?

A

<14wks: D&C

> 14wks: induction of labour

41
Q

how do we induce labour?

A

with prostaglandin or hypertonic saline urea

OBGYN 1 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions