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GCSE Revision Flashcards > C5 Chemical Changes > Flashcards

C5 Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

Is carbon more or less reactive than iron?

A

More reactive

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2
Q

A substance does not corrode in air or water. What word could describe this substance?

A

Non-corrosive

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3
Q

Magnesium sulphate can be made by reacting magnesium metal with an acid. A gas is also produced. Name this gas.

A

Hydrogen Gas

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4
Q

What is an ion?

A

The charged particle formed when an atom gains or loses electrons

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5
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive substance takes the place of a less reactive substance

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6
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base

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7
Q

What is reduction?

A

The loss of oxygen OR the gain of electrons

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8
Q

What are bases?

A

Ionic compounds that can neutralise acids

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9
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The gaining of oxygen OR the loss of electrons (OIL)

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10
Q

Metal + Oxygen =

A

Metal oxide

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11
Q

Metal + Water =

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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12
Q

Metal + acid =

A

Metal salt + hydrogen

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13
Q

Acid + base =

A

Salt + water

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14
Q

Acid + Alkali =

A

Salt + water

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15
Q

Acid + carbonate =

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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16
Q

What is the charge of a group 1 metal?

A

+1

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17
Q

What is the charge of Ammonium?

A

+1

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18
Q

What is the charge of a group 2 metal?

A

+2

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19
Q

What are the charges of Group 7 metals?

A

-1

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20
Q

What is the charge of Aluminium?

A

+3

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21
Q

What are the charges of Group 7 metals?

A

-1

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22
Q

What is the charge of a Nitrate?

A

-1

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23
Q

What is the charge of a Hydroxide?

A

-1

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24
Q

What is the charge of a Sulphate?

A

-2

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25
Q

What is the charge of a Carbonate?

A

-2

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26
Q

What is the charge of an oxide?

A

-2

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27
Q

What salt does hydrochloric acid form?

A

Chlorides

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28
Q

What salts do Sulphuric acids form?

A

Sulphates

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29
Q

What salts do Nitric acids form?

A

Nitrates

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30
Q

Order the following fastest to slowest reactions - iron rusting, spaghetti cooking, rifles firing, rocks weathering, milk going sour, fireworks burning

A

Rifles firing, fireworks burning, spaghetti cooking, milk going sour, iron rusting, rocks weathering

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31
Q

What happens in a chemical reaction?

A

Substances react to make something new, indicated by chemical and physical changes

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32
Q

What are the signs of a chemical reaction?

A

Colour change, pop sound, fizzing

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33
Q

How do you calculate rate of reaction?

A

Rate = Quantity of product / Time

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34
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A substance that increases the rate of reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change

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35
Q

Why does reaction slow down on an annotated rate graph?

A

Less collisions, no more reactants - product formed

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36
Q

Give the 4 ways to speed up a reaction:

A
  1. Increasing temperature
  2. Increasing the concentration
  3. Increasing the pressure
  4. Increasing the SA:V ratio
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37
Q

What is collision theory?

A

In order for a reaction to take place reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy

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38
Q

The more collisions per second the ———- the rate of reaction

A

Faster

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39
Q

What is an ion?

A

The charged particle formed by the loss or gain of electrons

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40
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive substance takes the place of a less reactive substance

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41
Q

What is oxidation (REDOX)?

A

The gaining of oxygen or the loss of electrons

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42
Q

What is reduction (REDOX)?

A

The loss of oxygen or the gain of electrons

43
Q

What is a base?

A

Ionic compounds that can neutralise acids

44
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base

45
Q

Metal + oxygen —>

A

Metal oxide

46
Q

Metal + water —>

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

47
Q

Metal + acid —>

A

Metal salt + hydrogen

48
Q

Acid + base —>

A

Salt + water

49
Q

Acid + alkali —>

A

Salt + water

50
Q

Acid + carbonate —>

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

51
Q

What is the charge of group 1 metals?

A

+1

52
Q

What is the charge of a nitrate ion?

A

-1

53
Q

What is the charge of a hydroxide ion?

A

-1

54
Q

What is the charge of a sulphate ion?

A

-2

55
Q

What is the charge of an oxide ion?

A

-2

56
Q

What is the charge of a carbonate ion?

A

-2

57
Q

What is the charge of group 7 elements?

A

-1

58
Q

What do more reactive metals occur as?

A

Ores

59
Q

What does Hydrochloric acid (HCl) form?

A

Chlorides (Cl-)

60
Q

What does Sulphuric acid (H2SO4-2) form?

A

Sulphates (SO4-2)

61
Q

What does Nitric acid (NO3-) form?

A

Nitrates (NO3-)

62
Q

What is the state symbol for a solid?

A

s

63
Q

What is the state symbol for a liquid?

A

l

64
Q

What is the state symbol for a gas?

A

g

65
Q

What is the state symbol for aqueous?

A

aq

66
Q

What are the 3 steps to follow when forming ionic and half equations?

A
  1. Write a balanced symbol equation - with states
  2. Separate the ions into single elements and add the charges
  3. Delete the species that appear exactly the same on both sides (should now be 2 charged elements per side)
    FOR HALF EQUATIONS ONLY: Balance charges of the 2 elements on either side by expressing the number of electrons which would need to be added to form a neutrally charged atom
67
Q

What does reactivity depend on?

A

Tendency to form metal ions

68
Q

What does OILRIG stand for?

A

Oxidation is Loss of electrons
Reduction is Gain of electrons

69
Q

Metal + Oxygen —>

A

Metal Oxide

70
Q

Metal + Water —>

A

Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

71
Q

Metal + Acid —>

A

Metal Salt + Hydrogen

72
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation?

A

H+ + OH- –> H20

73
Q

What is the neutral pH?

A

7

74
Q

Are hydrogen ions positive or negative?

A

Always positive

75
Q

Are hydroxide ions positive or negative?

A

Always negative

76
Q

How do strong acids ionise?

A

Strong acid completely ionises in water - all molecules split up into ions and stay split up so it breaks down fully into its ions. Remember hydrogen ions are always positive

77
Q

How do weak acids ionise?

A

Weak acids only partially ionise in water. Only 2 of the acid molecules usually split apart. The number of H+ ions is much less, so the pH of the acid will be higher

78
Q

What is the function of cyolite?

A

Reduces the melting point

79
Q

Which electrode is positive?

A

Anode

80
Q

Which electrode is negative?

A

Cathode

81
Q

Which electrode attracts positive metal ions?

A

Cathode (Cations)

82
Q

Which electrode attracts negative metal ions?

A

Anode (Anions)

83
Q

What are the top 3 most reactive metals?

A

Potassium, Sodium, Calcium

84
Q

What are the only 4 elements less reactive than Hydrogen?

A

Copper, Silver, Gold, Platinum

85
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive metal is reacted with a compound containing a less reactive metal it will replace that metal in the compound

86
Q

What are the 4 signs of chemical change for displacement reactions?

A

Bubbles, temperature change, precipitate (solid forming), colour change

87
Q

When are metals more reactive?

A

If they lose outer shell electrons more easily

88
Q

What are examples of neutral (pH 7) substances?

A

Pure water

89
Q

What are examples of basic/alkaline (pH 8-14) substances?

A

Bleach, soap, baking soda

90
Q

What are examples of acidic (pH 0-6) substances?

A

Lemon, stomach acid, milk

91
Q

What happens when acidic substances dissolve in water?

A

When acidic substances dissolve in water they dissociate - the acid breaks apart to release hydrogen (H+) ions (ionising)

92
Q

What type of substance has an excess of H+ ions?

A

Acid

93
Q

What type of substance has an excess of OH- ions?

A

Alkaline/base

94
Q

What is concentration?

A

How much acid there is per unit of volume

95
Q

What is strength (of an acid)?

A

How much an acid dissociates

96
Q

Metal + water –>

A

Metal hydroxide

97
Q

Metal + oxygen –>

A

Metal oxide

98
Q

Metal + acid –>

A

Salt + hydrogen

99
Q

Metal oxide + acid –>

A

Salt + water

100
Q

Metal hydroxide + acid –>

A

Salt + water

101
Q

Metal carbonate + acid –>

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

102
Q

Ammonia + acid –>

A

Ammonium Salt

103
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance which neutralises an acid

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