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Chemistry > C5 Chemical Changes > Flashcards

C5 Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

An reaction where something gains oxygen

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2
Q

What does “it has been oxidised mean”?

A

When it has gained oxygen

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3
Q

What does it mean if something has been reduced?

A

It has lost oxygen

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4
Q

What the PH scale?

Whta is a neutral (number

What is a low or high called

A

It measires how acidic somethig is

Goes from 0-14

The lower it is the more acidic it is

The higher it is the more alkaline it is

A neutral substance is a 7

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5
Q

What is the universla indicator?

A

Something (based on colors) that when added to a solution will react to form a colour which can be checked to see what acidity it is

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6
Q

How else could you calucate the acidity of something?

A

Using a PH probe

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7
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance that formes an aq solution with a ph less that 7

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8
Q

What is an alkali??

A

A base that disloves in water tp form a solition with a PH value of more than 7 and which forms OH- ions in water

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9
Q

Give the reaction between acids and base:

A

Acid+Base = Salt+Water

Or it could be said like this

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) = H*2O(l)

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10
Q

What do acids produce in water?

A

Protons

Hydrogen ions (which is the same as a proton)

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11
Q

What dp acids do in a aq solution?

A

They ionise

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12
Q

Of an alkali as solution reacts with a acid then what is alwayes formed

A

OH-ions

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13
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation?

A

H+(aq)+ OH-(aq)=H2O(l)

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14
Q

Acid+Alkali

A

Acid+Alkali=Salt + Water

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15
Q

Acid+Metal carbonate

A

Acid+Metal carbonate = Salt+ Water+Carbon Dioxide

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16
Q

What is a PH probe?

A

Attacked to a PH meter it can also measure the PH of a substance electronicly and really acuratly. It will give you a number.

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17
Q

What do acids produce in water?

A

They ionise in an aq solution and produce H+ ions

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18
Q

What happens when a strong acid meets water?

A

It ionise completely. All the acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions

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19
Q

Give 3 examples of a strong acid?

A

Sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acids

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20
Q

What happens when a week acid meets water?

A

It doesn’t fully ionise. Only a small portion of the acid particles dissociate to release H+ ions

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21
Q

Give 3 examples of a week acid?

A

Ethanoic, citric and carbonic acids

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22
Q

When a week acid is ionised can it be reverced?

When a strong acid is ionised can it be reverced?

A

Yes as only a few of the acid particles ionised

No as all of the acids ionised

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23
Q

Why are strong acids more reactive than week acids?

A

The reaction is with H+ ions and other substances. So if the concentration of H+ ions is bigger (eg in strong acids) then there will be a quicker and more reactive

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24
Q

What exactly is the PH of a substance measuring?

A

The amout of H+ ions in a solition

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25
Q

If PH decrease by 1 what happenes to the amount of H+ ions?

A

They have increased by a factor of 10

26
Q

If PH decrease by 2 what happenes to the amount of H+ ions?

A

They have increased by a factor of 100

27
Q

If they have the same concentration what do we know about the PH’s of week and strong acids?

A

The PH of a strong acid is always less than a weeker acid

28
Q

What does the strength of an acid tell you?

A

What proportion of the acid molecules ionised into the water

29
Q

What does the concentration of an acid tell you?

A

How much acid there is in a certian volume of water

How watered down the acid is

30
Q

When will the concentration of the acid be at the highest?

A

When there is a high amount of acid in a small amount of water

31
Q

When will the concentration of the acid we at it’s weekest?

A

When there is little acid molecules in a large volume of water

32
Q

When will PH decrease? (concentration)

A

PH will decrease when the acid concentration increases westher it is a strong or weak acid

33
Q

What is a base?

A

Something that ends in oxide or hydroxide

34
Q

What is a alkli

A

A base that is disolved in water

35
Q

Give the equasion between an acid and a carbonate?

A

Acid + (Metal) Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

36
Q

Is it possible to make an soluable salt using an insoluable base?

A

Yes

37
Q

What is a reactivity series?

A

A table listing metals in order of their reactivity with other substances

38
Q

How are metals placed in the reactivity series

A

It depends on how easily they loose an electron

The higher they are in the series the more easy it is for them to lose an electron

39
Q

Where will the metal be which reacts the most easily with water or acids?

A

At the top as that involves loosing an electron

40
Q

How could you make your own reactive series?

A

By reacting metals with an acid or water. And putting the metals in order top to bottom of the most-least reactive

41
Q

What is the equasion when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen (gas)

42
Q

How could you estimate the speed of the reaction between Acids and Metal?

What will change is the Metal is more reactive?

A

The speed of the reaction is indicated by the rate of which the bubbles (of hydrogen) are given off

The bubbles will be given off faster

The temprature change

43
Q

Give the equasion between a acid and a metal?

A

Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen

44
Q

Give the equasion between Metal and Water?

A

Metal + Water = Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

45
Q

How are oxides formed?

What is this an example of?

A

Common metals such as iron or aluminium react with oxygen

This is an example of oxidation

46
Q

What is oxidation (not in terms of electrons)?

A

When something gains oxygen

47
Q

What is oxidation (in terms of electrons)?

A

When something looses electorns

OILRIG

48
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

A reaction that seperates metals from oxygen so that you can use the metal

49
Q

What is a reaction that seperates metals from oxygen called?

A

A reduction reaction

50
Q

What is reduction (not in terms of electrons)?

A

The loss of oxygen

51
Q

Give the reduction reaction of copper?

A

2CuO + C = 2Cu + CO^2

52
Q

Give the reaction where magnesium oxidises?

A

2Mg + O^2 = 2MgO

53
Q

How may some ores be reduced?

A

By using Carbon as it will bond with the Oxygen

54
Q

Give an example of reduction with Carbon?

A

Fe^2O^3 + 3C = 4Fe + 3CO^2

Iron(III) oxide + Carbon = Iron + Carbon dioxide

55
Q

What are the 2 ways to extract a metal from it’s ore?

A

Electrolysis

Reduction with Carbon

56
Q

What determines if electrolysos will be used of reduction with carbon?

A

If the metal is higher than carbon in the reactivity series then elecrolysis will need to be used as Carbon won’t displace the metal

Where else. If carbon is below the metal in the reactivity series then it can be reduced by carbon

57
Q

Why is Gold found in it’s element form?

A

It is so unreactive that it is found by itself

58
Q

Magnesium, Zinc And iron reactions

A

.

59
Q

How does magnesisum react in a dilute acid?

A

It reacts vigerously with cold dilute acids and produces a lot of bubbles

60
Q

How does zink react with a dilute acid?

A

It reacts slowly with dilute acids but more strongly if you heat them up

61
Q

How does iron react with a dilute acid?

A

It reacts slowly with dilute acids but more strongly if you heat them up

Chemistry (16 decks)

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