C1 Required Practical, Chromotography And Distillation

Question 1

What does chromotography seperate?

Answer 1

Different inks and dyes

Question 2

What is the method of paper chromotography?

Answer 2

1) draw a line near the bottom of filter paper USING A PENCIL
2) add a spot of ink on the line and then stand the filter paper up in a solvent (water) sometimes different solvents are needed like ethenal
3) make sure the ink dot isn’t touching the solvent because you don’t want the ink to disolve into the solvent.
4) place a lid on top of the solvent to stop it from evaporating
5) the solvent will start to seep up the paper and carry the ink with it
6) different dyes move at different rates therefore they will seperate (ypu will end up with 1 dot per dye in the ink
7) if any of the dyes are insoluable in the solvent then they will stay on the pensil line
8) when the solvent has nearly reached the top of the paper take it out and leave it to dry
9) the end result is a pattern of spots called a chromatogram

Question 3

What are the 2 types of distillation?

What do they sepperate?

Answer 3

Fractional distillation
Simple distillation

Mixtures contained in liquids

Question 4

What equipment do you need for paper chromotography?

Answer 4

Filter paper
Spot of ink
Pencil line
Shallow solvent
Beaker

Question 5

What equipment do ypu need for simple distillation

Answer 5

Thermometer
Condencer
Beaker
Bunsen burner
A solution to seperate

Question 6

Method for simple distillation

Answer 6

1) The solutions are heated
2) The solution with the lower boiling point will evaporate first
3) The vapor is cooled in the condenser and is collected in a beaker
4) the rest of the solution is left behind in the original beaker
5) You now have 2 different solutions.

Question 7

What are the problems with simple distillation?

Answer 7

You can only seperate mixtures with very different boiling points

(If they both boil then they will mix again)

Question 8

What equipment do you need for fractional distillation?

Answer 8

Thermometer
Condencer 
Fractionating column filled with glass rods (the top is the coolest bit and the bottem is the hottest bit)
Bunsen burner
A subastance to seperate
Multiple beakers

Question 9

Method for fractional distillation

Answer 9

1) you put your mixture into a flask and put the fractionating column on top
2) Heat the solution
3) The different liquids will all have different boiling points therefore they will evaporate at different tempretures
4) The liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates first and goes through the condenser and is collected in a seperate beaker
5) The liquid with the second lowest boiling point will evaporate but when it reaches the top of the fractionating column it will condence again.
6) once you have seperated all of the first solition you can replease the beaker and you can raise the tempreture of the fractionating column so that the second solution can now evaporate and get into the condencer and be collected
7) you repeate this untill you have all of the solution in different beakers