C4.2.4 - Instrumental Method of Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What does an instrumental method of analysis rely on?

A

A machine to carry out the analysis of a substance

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2
Q

What are the advantages of using instrument methods?

A

Quicker, More sensitive, More accurate

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3
Q

What does the sensitivity of an instrument mean?

A

How easily it can analyse smaller substances

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4
Q

What are the advantages of a sensitive instrument?

A

It can analyse small amounts of substances which are expensive or difficult to obtain

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5
Q

What is a gas chromatogram?

A

A chart which shows the different substances within a mixture

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6
Q

What does each peak represent on a gas chromatograph?

A

Each system

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7
Q

What does the area under each peak represent on a gas chromatogram?

A

The amount of the substance within the mixture

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8
Q

What is the retention time on a gas chromatograph?

A

How long it takes for the substance to travel through the chromatography column

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9
Q

How can you identify a substance by its retention time?

A

Each substance has its own unique retention time

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10
Q

What does a mass spectrometer do?

A

Measure the mass of atoms and molecules

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11
Q

What are mass spectrometers used for?

A

Analysing the relative amounts of different isotopes of an element, and the structure of different molecules

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12
Q

Why is mass spectrometry used in environmental science?

A

It can be used to detect toxic substances

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13
Q

How do sample molecules turn into molecular ions?

A

They are ionised by the machine. and broken up into fragments which are separated and detected

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14
Q

What does each peak represent on the mass spectrum?

A

A fragment of the molecule

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15
Q

What does the peak on the far right of the mass spectrum represent?

A

The molecular ion

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16
Q

What is the mass to charge ratio of the molecular ion peak equal to?

A

The relative formula mass of the original molecule