C4.2.2 - Detecting Cations Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when energy is transferred into electrons?

A

They move into higher electron levels.

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2
Q

What occurs when electrons move back into their original electron levels after being heated?

A

The energy lost is transferred to the surrounding as light

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3
Q

Why do metals give off different colours in the flame test?

A

Ions emit different types of colour and radiation when moving back into their original energy levels

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4
Q

What colour does lithium emit when used in the flame test?

A

Red

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5
Q

What colour does sodium emit when used in the flame test?

A

Yellow

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6
Q

What colour does potassium emit when used in the flame test?

A

Lilac

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7
Q

What colour does calcium emit when used in the flame test?

A

Orange-red

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8
Q

What colour does copper emit when used in the flame test?

A

Green-blue

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9
Q

What so the wire used in the flame test made of?

A

Nichrome

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10
Q

Why is nichrome used for the flame test?

A

It does not emit any colours when heated so there is no contamination

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11
Q

Describe the flame test.

A

Dip the nichrome wire loop into the solution.
Use the handle to hold the nichrome into the flame.
Record the colour emitted.
Clean the nichrome wire loop by dipping it in hydrochloric acid and then rinsing it with distilled water

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12
Q

Why do you have to clean the nichrome wire loop after each flame test?

A

So there is no contamination from the previous test

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13
Q

Are most metal hydroxides soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

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14
Q

Why is sodium hydroxide often used in experiments?

A

It is one of the only soluble hydroxides

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15
Q

Do different metals produce different coloured precipitates?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What coloured precipitate does iron (II) form?

A

Green

17
Q

What coloured precipitate does iron (III) form?

A

Orange-brown

18
Q

What coloured precipitate does copper (II) form?

A

Blue

19
Q

What coloured precipitate does calcium form?

A

White

20
Q

What coloured precipitate does zinc form?

A

White

21
Q

How do you distinguish between a zinc and calcium precipitate?

A

If you add an excess of sodium hydroxide, the zinc precipitate becomes becomes colourless whilst the calcium precipitate does not