c2.1 - biodiversity + classifications Flashcards
define classification
process of naming + organising organisms into groups based on characteristics + evolutionary history
can classification of organisms change
yes
changes as new info becomes available
name the 7 groups in hierarchy of taxons, largest y to smallest
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
what’s the 5 kingdom classification system
classification of organisms into 5 major kingdoms:
animalia, fungi, plantae, prokaryotae, protoctista
what’s the 3 domain classification system
method of classification where organisms categorised into 3 groups:
arcane, bacteria, eukarya
how was the 3 domain system developed
- by analysing molecular differences between organisms to determine evolutionary relationships
- evidence showed the kingdom ‘prokaryotae’ could be divided in 2 groups, all other organisms are eukaryotes
what do organisms in same domain have in common
organisms in same domain share distinctive pattern of ribosomal RNA
what is bacteria
- one of 3 domains
- consists of ‘true’ bacteria
- also known as eubacteria
what is archaea
- one of 3 domains
- made o primitive bacteria existing in extreme environments, e.g: extremophile prokaryotes
- also known as archaebacteria
what is eukarya
- one of 3 domains
- consists of all eukaryotic organisms
outline features of kingdom prokaryotae
- unicellular prokaryotes
- lack true nucleus + membrane bound organelles
- rigid cell wall
outline features of kingdom plantae
- multicellular eukaryotes
- photoautotrophs
- cellulose cell walls
outline features of kingdom animalia
- multicellular eukaryotes
- no cell wall
- heterotrophic
- nervous coordination
outline features of kingdom fungi
- eukaryotes
- heterotrophic
- chitin cell walls
- grow by producing branching filaments, hyphae
- asexual reproduction via spores
outline features of kingdom protoctista
- mainly unicellular eukaryotes
- no differentiation into tissues
how are diff types of evidence used in classification
observations (e.g: fossils) - organisms grouped based on similar physical characteristics
biochemical methods (e.g: DNA genetic fingerprinting)
what is DNA profiling
- method of determine characteristics of individuals DNA
- percentage of DNA or proteins shared tween species used to estimate relatedness
advantage of using biochemical methods of classification
reduce mistakes made from observing physical features alone (due to morphological convergence)
compare homologous + analogous features
homologous - evolved from same structure for different functions, indicating common ancestor
analogous - structures evolved independently for same function
example of homologous feature
pendactyl limb (found in mammals, birds, + reptiles)
example of analogous feature
wings of birds + insects
define species
group of organsims that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
2 components of binomial name
generic name - genus to which organism belongs
specific name - species organism belongs too
advantage of binomial naming system
universal; is the same everywhere in the world