c1.1 - importance of ATP Flashcards

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1
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate
universal energy carrier found in all living cells

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2
Q

where is ATP produced

A

synthesised in the internal membranes of mitochondria + chloroplasts

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3
Q

how is ATP synthesised

A

involves ATP synthase - enzyme found embedded in cellular membranes
ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to form ATP as protons flow through it, down electrochemical gradient

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4
Q

flow of protons across mitochondrial v chloroplast membrane

A

mitochondrial - H+ flow across inner membrane, from intermembrane space into matrix
chloroplast - H+ flow across thylakoid membrane, from thylakoid space into stroma

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5
Q

chemiosmosis

A

synthesis of ATP through movement of protons across partially permeable membrane, catalysed by ATP synthase
as protons move down, energy is released for attachement of inorganic phosphate to ADP forming ATP

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6
Q

how is proton gradient maintained during chemiosmosis

A

potential energy associated with excited electrons is coupled to active transport of H+ across membrane by proton pumps

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7
Q

electron transport chain

A

series of electron carrier proteins each w/ progressively lower energy levels that transfer electrons in chain of oxidation-reduction reactions, forming gradient of protons that enables ATP synthesis

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8
Q

how can dehydrogenase activity be investigated

A

using artificial hydrogen acceptors
e.g: DCPIP, methylene blue, terazolium compounds

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9
Q

colour change when DCPIP is reduced

A

blue to colourless

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10
Q

colour change when methylene blue is reduced

A

blue to colourless

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