C1.1 Enzymes Flashcards
Metabolism
A complex network of interdependent and interacting chemical reactions occuring in living organisms
Anabolic reactions
Enzymes bring the substrate molecules together to form larger molecules
Anabolic & catabolic acronym
Anabolic = assemble, catabolic = cut down
Catabolic Reactions
Enzymes active site affects the bonds in the substrate so they are easier to break. to smaller molecules
Enzymes
Biological catalysts which speed up the rate of a reaction without being used up themselves
Enzyme Info
- reduce activation energy of a reaction
- can work intracellular and extracellular
- globular proteins
- tertiary structure
Enzyme Mechanism
specificity = enzyme substrate complex = enzyme product complex = release of product
Lock-and-key assumptions
assumes the active site of an enzyme is rigid in its shape
Induced fit
suggests the active site is flexible and only assumes catalytic conformation after the substrate molecules bind to the site
Enzyme immobilisation
Enzymes can be immobolised by being embeded in the membrane of cells
Denaturation
An irrevsersible change to a proteins active site
How enzymes operate in anabolic reactions
- enzymes hold substrates close together
- reduce repulsion
- bonds more easily
How enzymes operate in catabolic reactions
- enzymes active site puts strain on bonds
- fitting the substrate into active site puts strain on bonds
- easier to break
activation energy
energy needed to start a reaction
How PH affects enzyme activity
- a change in pH from the optimum affects the charges of the enzyme proteins
- alters 3e structure
- denaturation
- goes up and rapidly down