A1.1 (Water)

Question 1

Electronegativity

Answer 1

Ability of an atom to attract an electron

Question 2

Cohesion

Answer 2

water molecules are attracted to each other by hydrogen bonding

Question 3

adhesion

Answer 3

water molecules are attracted to surfaces

Question 4

thermal conductivity

Answer 4

ability of water to transfer heat when there is a temperature difference

Question 5

metabolism

Answer 5

complex process of chemical reactions occuring in living organisms

Question 6

viscosity

Answer 6

how much energy is needed to change the shape of a liquid (resistance to flow)

Question 7

buoyancy

Answer 7

a force that counteracts gravity/how water pushes up things inside of it, they dont sink

Question 8

latent heat of evaporation

Answer 8

amount of energy required to evaporate a liquid

Question 9

hydrophilic

Answer 9

water loving

Question 10

Goldilockszone/habitable zone

Answer 10

orbital distance from the sun in which water can exist as a liquid

Question 11

how did water reach earth

Answer 11

many collisions with water rich asteroids

Question 12

reasons for water retention on earth

Answer 12

earth cooled water down to a moderate temperature

Question 13

uses of water for organisms

Answer 13

transport, solvent, reactent, temperature control, habitat

Question 14

why is water polar

Answer 14

oxgen is slightly negatively charged while hydrogen is slightly positively charged creating a polar covalent bond

Question 15

why does water have high specific heat capacity

Answer 15

the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules absorb the heat being put in meaning that it takes a lot of heat to raise its temperature

Question 16

why does water cool quickly

Answer 16

a lot of energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds at the surface of the liquid meaning that when water evaporates it looses a lot of heat cooling the liquid very quickly

Question 17

Why is waters polarity good for transport

Answer 17

cohesion & solvent properties

Question 18

why is water a good thermal conductor

Answer 18

when heat is put in, it dissipated through the liquid and due to the adjacent hydrogen bonds between molecules, heat can be trasnferred throughout the liquid

Question 19

Examples of hydrophobic molecules

Answer 19

steroids, plasma membrane, nucleus membrane, some proteins

Question 20

Examples of Hydrophilic molecules

Answer 20

glucose, ions, enzymes amino acids

Question 20

Properties of water

Answer 20

• Wide temperature range over which it is liquid
• Ice is less dense than liquid water (Buoyancy)
• high SHC
• high LHE
• High TC
• Polarity
• Reactent
• Solvent
• Transparent
• Low Viscosity
  *

Question 21

Belief in terms of origin of water

Answer 21

Extraterrestial life can be found in the presence of water, thats why there is an aim to find more goldilocks zones

Question 22

reasons for water retention on earth

Answer 22

ideal temperature and gravity

Question 23

How water is a suitable habitat for ringed seals

Answer 23

• low density blubber to increase buoyancy
• streamline shape to reduce drag
• insulating blubber against TC
• pulps survive in lairs trapped by air against SHC (air)

Question 24

How suitable is water for Black-Throated Coons

Answer 24

• hydrodynamic to reduce drag against viscosity
• oiled exterior feathers to exclude water
• large wings to lift in less buoyant air
• aerodynamic to reduce drag
• insulated by dry air trapped in down feathers

Question 25

why a lot of animals can run/float on water

Answer 25

surface tension caused by adjacent hydrogen bonds