A1.1 (Water) Flashcards
Electronegativity
Ability of an atom to attract an electron
Cohesion
water molecules are attracted to each other by hydrogen bonding
adhesion
water molecules are attracted to surfaces
thermal conductivity
ability of water to transfer heat when there is a temperature difference
metabolism
complex process of chemical reactions occuring in living organisms
viscosity
how much energy is needed to change the shape of a liquid (resistance to flow)
buoyancy
a force that counteracts gravity/how water pushes up things inside of it, they dont sink
latent heat of evaporation
amount of energy required to evaporate a liquid
hydrophilic
water loving
Goldilockszone/habitable zone
orbital distance from the sun in which water can exist as a liquid
how did water reach earth
many collisions with water rich asteroids
reasons for water retention on earth
earth cooled water down to a moderate temperature
uses of water for organisms
transport, solvent, reactent, temperature control, habitat
why is water polar
oxgen is slightly negatively charged while hydrogen is slightly positively charged creating a polar covalent bond
why does water have high specific heat capacity
the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules absorb the heat being put in meaning that it takes a lot of heat to raise its temperature
why does water cool quickly
a lot of energy is required to break the hydrogen bonds at the surface of the liquid meaning that when water evaporates it looses a lot of heat cooling the liquid very quickly
Why is waters polarity good for transport
cohesion & solvent properties
why is water a good thermal conductor
when heat is put in, it dissipated through the liquid and due to the adjacent hydrogen bonds between molecules, heat can be trasnferred throughout the liquid
Examples of hydrophobic molecules
steroids, plasma membrane, nucleus membrane, some proteins
Examples of Hydrophilic molecules
glucose, ions, enzymes amino acids
Properties of water
- Wide temperature range over which it is liquid
- Ice is less dense than liquid water (Buoyancy)
- high SHC
- high LHE
- High TC
- Polarity
- Reactent
- Solvent
- Transparent
- Low Viscosity
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Belief in terms of origin of water
Extraterrestial life can be found in the presence of water, thats why there is an aim to find more goldilocks zones
reasons for water retention on earth
ideal temperature and gravity
How water is a suitable habitat for ringed seals
- low density blubber to increase buoyancy
- streamline shape to reduce drag
- insulating blubber against TC
- pulps survive in lairs trapped by air against SHC (air)
How suitable is water for Black-Throated Coons
- hydrodynamic to reduce drag against viscosity
- oiled exterior feathers to exclude water
- large wings to lift in less buoyant air
- aerodynamic to reduce drag
- insulated by dry air trapped in down feathers
why a lot of animals can run/float on water
surface tension caused by adjacent hydrogen bonds
