B1.1 (Carbohydrates) Flashcards
1
Q
Elements carbon can bind to
A
hydrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen
2
Q
Creation of Macromolecules
A
Monomers + Condensationreaction
3
Q
Disaccharide
A
2 Glucose molecules
4
Q
3 Hexose Sugars (Monosaccharides)
A
Glucose, Galactose, Fructose
4
Q
Polysaccharide
A
multiple glucose molecules
4
Q
Maltose
A
Glucose + Glucose –> Maltose
4
Q
Properties of Glucose
A
- Glucose has 2 isomers
- Glucose is soluble
- Glucose is stable
- Glucose can be oxidised
4
Q
Alpha Glucose
A
The cis-isomer of glucose whose hydroxyl group points downwards
5
Q
Starch
A
The main energy storage in plants
6
Q
Amylopectin
A
- highly branched & 3 dimensional
- glucose linked in 1,4 glycosidic bonds (occasional 1,6)
*major component of starch (80-85%)
6
Q
Beta Glucose
A
The trans-isomer of glucose whose hydroxyl group points upwards on the right
7
Q
Where is starch stored
A
seeds and roots
7
Q
Amylose
A
- linear polysaccharide
- glucose linked through 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- coiled structure (300-3000 glucose units)
8
Q
Properties of starch
A
- insoluble as it is large in size –> maintains osmotic balance
- compact in structure for efficint storage
9
Q
Glycogen
A
branched polysaccharide that serves as the primary energy storage in humans