C10 - Cohesion in Sport Flashcards
Define Cohesion?
The tendency for individuals to work together to achieve their goals, the forces that keep the group members on task.
- This can lead to success or can come from success
- Can be task or social cohesion
Define Co-action?
When others do the task at the same time but separately. E.g a rowing team pulling together.
Define Interaction?
When a group works together to produce results. E.g most team sports like netball, football etc.
Define Carrons Antecendents?
Factors that may affects cohesion.
Name and explain Carrons Antecendents 4 main factors that affect cohesion?
- Environment factors: group size, age, geography, contractual obligations.
- Personal factors: group similarity, gender, aspirations/satisfaction.
- Team factors: ability, stability, desire for success, shared experiences.
- Leadership factors: leader style, leader–team relationship.
Define Task cohesion?
Individuals working together to achieve an end result/common goal. Allows members to make their own contribution.
Define Social Cohesion?
Individuals relating to each other to interact in the group. Allows support for each other and trust to develop.
Name some factors that can affect cohesion?
Communication Past Success Sharing Common Goals Unequal Pay or Rewards Personality Threats to the team Type of Sport Size of the group Similarity of group members Likelihood of future success
Name some factors to what causes a lack of cohesion?
Poor Tactics Lack of Communication Misunderstanding of roles or the coaches instructions Bad timing Poor strategies Social Loafing
What is the equation for Steiners models (1972)?
Actual Productivity = Potential Productivity- Losses due to Faulty Process AP= PP- FP
Explain Steiners model (1972)?
Steiner (1972) proposed that the results of group efforts could be based on an equation that sums up the influences on cohesion.
The potential productivity concerns the teams best possible outcome that could happen if everything went perfectly during the game.
The actual productivity looks at the performance of the team at a given time, at the end of the game. It is the result, the end outcome (win, draw or loss).
Faulty Processes are the factors that go wrong and reduce cohesiveness.
What might a lack of coordination be caused by?
Poor Strategies
Poor Tactics
Lack of Communication
Bad Timing
Lack of Understanding of roles or coaches instructions
Too many performers, the more performers present more coordination is needed
Individual sports need less co-ordination than co-active sports (a pair) and team interactive sports need most co-ordination.
Explain the Ringelman effect?
When group performance decreases with group size
- A study of ‘tug of war’ found that a team of eight did not pull eight times as hard as an individual.
Define social loafing?
Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to a lack of performance identification when individual efforts are not recognised.
- Social loafers take the easy option and make limited contribution to the cause you can spot lazy players
What are the causes of Social Loafing?
Low Confidence Negative Attitude Poor Leadership (coach/ captain) Lack of Fitness Failure to understand a role No recognition of previous performances Low ability A belief your effort won’t change the result Lack of reinforcement Injury Social Inhibitoin High State/ Trait Anxiety
