C1 - Aspects of Personality

Question 1

Define Personality?

Answer 1

A unique psychological make-up.

Question 2

Explain the Trait Theory?

Answer 2

We are all born with innate characteristics called traits. They are stable, consistent and enduring.

E.g young performers tend to be rash and reckless but older/experienced players are calm and focussed.

Question 3

What is the social learning approach?

Answer 3

Suggests that behaviour is learnt from significant others through SOCIALISATION. We learn from people we hold in high esteem = role models, friends, parents, teachers etc.

Question 4

Define socialisation?

Answer 4

Developing personality traits by associating and learning from others.

Question 5

Define the two types of socialisation?

Answer 5

Primary (what we learn from our family)

Secondary (what we learn from school, social media etc).

Question 6

Define vicarious learning (observational learning)?

Answer 6

Occurs when a person is motivated to learn by watching someone else work and be rewarded.

Question 7

What is nature vs nurture?

Answer 7

Nature (trait theory, we are born with innate characteristics called traits)l
Nurture (Social learning theory, suggests behaviour is learnt from significant others through socialisation).

Question 8

What are the 4 parts to the social learning theory set out by Bandura?

Answer 8

Observe - Identify - Reinforced - Copy

Question 9

Define the Interactionist Perspective?

Answer 9

A theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation. This indicates that born traits are adapted according to the situations.

Question 10

What is the formula for the Interactionist Perspective?

Answer 10

B = f (P x E) (Lewin)

Question 11

Define the Hollander Approach to the Interactionist Theory?

Answer 11

Suggests that personality is made up of 3 features:
The core of the performer
Typical response
Role related behaviour

Question 12

Example of the Hollander Approach to Interactionist Theory in football?

Answer 12

The Core: Hard working competitor.
Typical Response: Love to attack and works hard to create overlaps.
Role Related Behaviour: Tight games they track back and defend more.

Question 13

Define the core of a performer?

Answer 13

Values and beliefs of the individual.

Question 14

Define the typical response of the performer?

Answer 14

The use of inherent traits displayed to specific situations.

Question 15

Define the Role Related Behaviour of a performer?

Answer 15

Suggests that the performer may adapt or adopt a very specific role when the situation demands.

Question 16

Define the Credulous Approach?

Answer 16

You believe the theories. You accept the link that personality can predict behaviour.

Question 17

Define the Sceptical Approach?

Answer 17

You don’t believe the theories. You doubt the link that personality can predict behaviour.

Question 18

Ways in which the Interactionist Perspective can improve performance?

Answer 18

• The coach could predict potential aggressive or unacceptable behaviour - remove the player before a sending off occurs.
• The coach could recreate these situations during training to allow the player to become accustomed to them in games. A nervous performer could train in front of a crowd.
• The coach could try to change player behaviour by encouraging the player to adapt to circumstances. Calm the anxious player before they take a penalty for example.
• If a player understands their behaviours they can monitor and adapt themselves.