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BACTERIOLOGY - LEC > C10 - Catalase - Positive, Gram-Positive Cocci > Flashcards

C10 - Catalase - Positive, Gram-Positive Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Staphylococcus schleiferi
Staphylococcus capitis
Staphylococcus caprae
Staphylococcus warneri
Staphylococcus hominis
Staphylococcus auricularis
Staphylococcus cohnii
Staphylococcus xylosus
Staphylococcus simulans
Micrococcus spp. and related
genera
Alloiococcus

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3
Q

Staphylococcus is a catalase-producing gram (+) cocci that belong to the family

A

Staphylococcaceae

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4
Q

Staphylococcus is aerobic or facultative anaerobic except what species?

A

S. aureus subsp. anaerobius and S. sacchrolyticus which are obligate anaerobes

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5
Q

nonmotile, non–spore-forming

spherical cells (0.5 to 1.5 μm) that appear singly, in pairs, and in clusters

normal inhabitants of skin, mucous membranes and intestines

A

Staphylococcus

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6
Q

In Blood Agar Plate, what are the colonies size and characteristics?

A

medium sized (4 to 8 mm) and appear cream-colored, white or rarely light gold, and “buttery looking”, other spp. may have gray colonies; some may be β-hemolytic (S. aureus

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7
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Bacitracin Test Resistant

A

Staphylococci

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8
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Bacitracin Test Susceptible

A

Micrococci (>10mm)

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9
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Furazolidone Susceptibility Test (100ug) - SUSCEPTIBLE

A

Staphylococci (>15mm)

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10
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Furazolidone Susceptibility Test (100ug) - RESISTANT

A

Micrococci (6-9 mm)

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11
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Lysostaphin Sensitivity Test - Susceptible

A

Staphylococci (10-16 mm)

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12
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Lysostaphin Sensitivity Test - Resistant

A

Micrococci

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13
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Modified Oxidase Test/Microdase Test - NEGATIVE

A

Staphylococci

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14
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Modified Oxidase Test/Microdase Test - POSITIVE

A

Micrococci

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15
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Growth on Furoxone-Tween 80-oil Red O Agar - NEGATIVE

A

Staphylococci

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16
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Growth on Furoxone-Tween 80-oil Red O Agar - POSITIVE

A

Micrococci

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17
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Aid production from Glycerol (with erythromycin) - POSITIVE

A

Staphylococci

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18
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
Aid production from Glycerol (with erythromycin) - NEGATIVE

A

Micrococci

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19
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
OF reaction - Fermenter

A

Staphylococci

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20
Q

(Staphylococci/Micrococci)
OF reaction - Oxidizer

A

Micrococci

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21
Q

true coagulase positive and most virulent species of staphylococci
grow well on most routine media like NA and TSB
on solid media, round, smooth, opaque and butyrous

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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22
Q

on BAP, colonies have golden yellow color and β-haemolytic
responsible for various skin, wound and deep tissue infection

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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23
Q

Staphylococcus aurreus is cultivated by adding

A

7.5 to 10% NaCl—HALOPHILIC

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24
Q

VIRULENCE FACTORS of Staphylococcus Aureus

A

A. Antigenic Structure
B. Enzymes
C. Toxins

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25
Q

contain ribitol teichoic acid in cell wall

A

Teichoic Acid

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26
Q

together with teichoic acid, it protects the
bacteria from lysis and probably aids in
adherence

A

Peptidoglycan

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27
Q

group specific antigen unique to S. aureus

prevents antibody-mediated phagocytosis by
PMN—competes for the Fc portion

A

Protein A

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28
Q

component on cell wall responsible for clumping of the whole staphylococci in the presence of plasma

A

Clumping Factor

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29
Q

protects fro phagocytosis

A

Capsular Polysaccharide

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30
Q

coagulates fibrinogen in the plasma
promotes fibrin layer formation around the staphylococcal abscess protecting the bacteria from phagocytosis

A

Coagulase (Staphylocoagulase)

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31
Q

2 types of Coagulase (Staphylocoagulase)

A

Cell-bound Coagulase or Clumping Factor
Unbound or Free Coagulase

32
Q

bound to the cell wall and clots human, rabbit or pig plasma

A

Cell-bound Coagulase or Clumping Factor

33
Q

extracellular enzymes not bound to the cell wall and cause clot formation when bacterial cells are incubated with plasma

A

Unbound or Free Coagulase

34
Q

 hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid present in the intracellular ground substance, permitting the spread of infection

A

Hyaluronidase (Spreading Factor)

35
Q

fibrinolytic activities by dissolving fibrin clot

A

Staphylokinase (Fibrinolysin)

36
Q

produced by both coagulase (+) and coagulase (-) staphylococci
act on lipids present on the surface of the skin, particularly fats and oil secreted by the sebaceous glands

A

Lipase (Fat-splitting Enzyme)

37
Q

important in the formation of furuncles, carbuncles and boils

A

Lipase (Fat-splitting Enzyme)

38
Q

lowers viscosity of exudates giving the pathogen more mobility
destroys DNA

A

Deoxyribonuclease (DNAse) and Phosphatase

39
Q

breaks down Penicillin and β-lactam drugs

A

β-LACTAMASE

40
Q

Cytolytic Toxins

A

Hemolysins and Leukocidins

41
Q

4 types of Hemolysins

A

a. α-Hemolysin
b. β-Hemolysin (Sphingomyelinase C)
c. δ-Hemolysin
d. γ-Hemolysin

42
Q

damage RBC, platelets and macrophages and cause severe tissue damage
Predominant hemolysin

A

α-Hemolysin

43
Q

acts on sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane of RBC
aka“hot-cold” lysine : enhanced hemolytic activity on incubation at 37° C (heat labile) and subsequent exposure to cold (4° C)

A

β-Hemolysin (Sphingomyelinase C)

44
Q

exhibited in the CAMP test
lethal and dermonecrotic

A

β-Hemolysin (Sphingomyelinase C)

45
Q

less toxic to cells than either α-hemolysin or β-hemolysin
produced by all S. aureus strain that cause RBC injury in culture an produce edematous lesions

A

δ-Hemolysin

46
Q

associated with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)

A

γ-Hemolysin

47
Q

exotoxin lethal to polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Pore forming exotoxin that suppress phagocytosis and associated with severe cutaneous infections and necrotizing pneumonia
associated with community-acquired staphylococcal infections

A

Staphylococcal Leukocidin/ Panton-Valentine leukocidin

48
Q

heat-stable exotoxin: 100° C for 30 minutes
resistant to hydrolysis by gastric and jejunal enzymes

A

Enterotoxins

49
Q

act as neurotoxins that stimulate vomiting through the vagus nerve
produced by 30% to 50% of S. aureus isolates

A

Enterotoxins

50
Q

Staphylococcal food poisoning

A

Enterotoxins A, B, and D

51
Q

TSS (Enterotoxins)

A

Enterotoxins B and C and sometimes G and I

52
Q

Staphylococcal Pseudomembranous
Enterocolitis (contaminated milk products)

A

Enterotoxin B

53
Q

aka ENTEROTOXIN F or PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN C
menstruating-associated TSS= TSS associated with tampon use
chromosomal-mediated toxin

A

TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME TOXIN-1(TSST-1)

54
Q

SUPERANTIGEN stimulating T-cell proliferation and production of a large amount of cytokines
low concentrations= leakage by endothelial cells; higher concentrations= cytotoxic

A

TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME TOXIN-1(TSST-1)

55
Q

aka EPIDERMOLYTIC TOXIN A and B or EXFOLIATIN serotypes A and B
Serine protease that divides the intercellular bridges of the epidermis and causes excessive sloughing of the epidermis (stratum granulosum)

A

Exfoliative Toxins

56
Q

causes STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME referred to as RITTER’S DISEASE

implicated in BULLOUS IMPETIGO

A

Exfoliative Toxins

57
Q

mild inflammation of a hair follicle or oil gland; infected area is raised and red

A

Folliculitis

58
Q

 focal suppurative lesions which has resulted from an infection (folliculitis) that extend into subcutaneous tissue; large, raised, superficial abscesses

A

Furuncles (Boils)

59
Q

 larger, more invasive lesions develop from multiple furuncles, which can progress into deeper tissues; present with fever and chills, indicating systemic infection

A

Carbuncles

60
Q

larger pustules surrounded by a small zone of erythema
highly contagious infection that spread by direct contact, fomites, or autoinoculation

A

Bullous Impetigo

61
Q

superficial cutaneous infection commonly seen in newborns and young children characterized by the formation of encrusted pustules surrounded by red border

A

Impetigo

62
Q

bullous exfoliative dermatitis that occurs primarily in newborns and previously healthy young children
localized skin lesion: few blisters, pemphigus neonatorum, Ritter disease; generalized form: cutaneous erythema, profuse peeling of the epidermis

A

Scalded Skin Syndrome

63
Q

clinical manifestation with multiple causes; symptoms are due to hypersensitivity reaction

A

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)

64
Q

rare but potentially fatal, multisystem disease characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, and rash, which can quickly progress to hypotension and shock

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

65
Q

intoxication resulting from ingestion of a toxin formed outside the body
symptoms appear rapidly (2 to 8 hours after ingestion) and resolve within 24 to 48 hours: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe cramping, diarrhea

A

Food Poisoning

66
Q

Percentage of Enterotoxins A, D, and B in Food Poisoning

A

Enterotoxins A (78%), D (38%), and B (10%)

67
Q

perfuse and watery diarrhea due to water and electrolyte loss

A

Food Poisoning

68
Q

Enterotoxin A and (leukocidins) LukE and LukP

A

Enterocolitis

69
Q

leads to secondary pneumonia and endocarditis observed among IV drug users

A

Staphylococcal Bacteremia

70
Q

secondary to bacteremia

A

Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis

71
Q

secondary to influenza virus infection
multiple abscesses and focal lesions in the pulmonary parenchyma

A

Staphylococcal Pneumonia

72
Q

frequent in children and occur in patients with a history of rheumatoid arthritis or IV drug abuse

A

Septic Arthritis

73
Q

JOINT INFECTIONS/SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

Bacteria in Both Adults and Neonates/ Children

A

S. aureus
S. agalactiae
S. pyogenes
Enterobacteriaceae

74
Q

JOINT INFECTIONS/SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

Bacteria in Neonates / Children Only

A

H. influenzae type b (Hib)
Kingella kingae

75
Q

JOINT INFECTIONS/SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

Bacteria in Sexually Active

A

N. gonorrhoeae

76
Q
A

BACTERIOLOGY - LEC (14 decks)

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