c10 Flashcards
Define a functional group
A group of atoms in an organic molecule that determine its characteristics and reactions.
Give the functional group for an alkene
C=C
Give the functional group for an alcohol
-OH
Give the functional group for a carboxylic acid
-COOH
Give the functional group for an ester
-COO-
Define a homologous series
A group of organic molecules that contain the same functional group but differ in the number of carbon atoms they contain.
Give the general formula for an alkene
CnH2n
Describe the difference between a displayed formula and a structural formula
The displayed formula shows all the bonds in a molecule, whereas the structural formula shows the number of atoms, but highlights the functional group. E.g. The structural formula for ethanol is C2H5OH
Define an addition reaction
A reaction of an alkene where the double bond is opened up and other atoms are added to the free bonds.
Give the product of the reaction of an alkene with a halogen
A dihalo-alkane. E.g. Ethene + bromine → Dibromoethane
Give the product of the reaction of an alkene with hydrogen
An alkane. E.g. Ethene + hydrogen → Ethane
Give the conditions for reacting an alkene with hydrogen
Heat to 60oC with a Nickel catalyst
Give the product of the reaction of an alkene with water (steam)
An alcohol. E.g. Ethene + water (steam) → Ethanol
Give the conditions to react an alkene with steam
High pressure and temperature
Give the products of the reaction of sodium with ethanol
Sodium ethoxide + hydrogen
Explain why are carboxylic acids described as weak acids
They partially ionise when dissolved in water.
Describe how alcohols can be converted to carboxylic acids
Reacting with an oxidising agent
Describe how ethanol can be made
Fermentation of glucose; Reaction of ethene with water
Give the uses of alcohols
Fuels, solvents, alcoholic drinks
Name the products made when sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid react
Sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide
Give the general equation to make esters
Carboxylic acid + alcohol → Ester + water
Name the products made when ethanoic acid + ethanol react
Ethyl ethanoate + water
