c10

Question 1

Define a functional group

Answer 1

A group of atoms in an organic molecule that determine its characteristics and reactions.

Question 2

Give the functional group for an alkene

Answer 2

C=C

Question 3

Give the functional group for an alcohol

Answer 3

-OH

Question 4

Give the functional group for a carboxylic acid

Answer 4

-COOH

Question 5

Give the functional group for an ester

Answer 5

-COO-

Question 6

Define a homologous series

Answer 6

A group of organic molecules that contain the same functional group but differ in the number of carbon atoms they contain.

Question 7

Give the general formula for an alkene

Answer 7

CnH2n

Question 8

Describe the difference between a displayed formula and a structural formula

Answer 8

The displayed formula shows all the bonds in a molecule, whereas the structural formula shows the number of atoms, but highlights the functional group. E.g. The structural formula for ethanol is C2H5OH

Question 9

Define an addition reaction

Answer 9

A reaction of an alkene where the double bond is opened up and other atoms are added to the free bonds.

Question 10

Give the product of the reaction of an alkene with a halogen

Answer 10

A dihalo-alkane. E.g. Ethene + bromine → Dibromoethane

Question 11

Give the product of the reaction of an alkene with hydrogen

Answer 11

An alkane. E.g. Ethene + hydrogen → Ethane

Question 12

Give the conditions for reacting an alkene with hydrogen

Answer 12

Heat to 60oC with a Nickel catalyst

Question 13

Give the product of the reaction of an alkene with water (steam)

Answer 13

An alcohol. E.g. Ethene + water (steam) → Ethanol

Question 14

Give the conditions to react an alkene with steam

Answer 14

High pressure and temperature

Question 15

Give the products of the reaction of sodium with ethanol

Answer 15

Sodium ethoxide + hydrogen

Question 16

Explain why are carboxylic acids described as weak acids

Answer 16

They partially ionise when dissolved in water.

Question 17

Describe how alcohols can be converted to carboxylic acids

Answer 17

Reacting with an oxidising agent

Question 18

Describe how ethanol can be made

Answer 18

Fermentation of glucose; Reaction of ethene with water

Question 19

Give the uses of alcohols

Answer 19

Fuels, solvents, alcoholic drinks

Question 20

Name the products made when sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid react

Answer 20

Sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide

Question 21

Give the general equation to make esters

Answer 21

Carboxylic acid + alcohol → Ester + water

Question 22

Name the products made when ethanoic acid + ethanol react

Answer 22

Ethyl ethanoate + water