C1 SA - Culture & Identity - Topic 14, Intersectionality

Question 1

What is ‘intersectionality’?

Answer 1

The ways in which different identities overlap causing complex systems of discrimination or disadvantage.

Question 2

Gender and age

Study - Sontag (1987) - Older women

Answer 2

Women experience ageism differently compared to men, (media and Hollywood)
Women face discrimination as they get older unlike men

Question 3

Gender and ethnicity
Study - Basit (1997)
Study - Bhatti (1999)

Answer 3

Muslim women - family honour (izzat)
Basit (1997) - Teachers viewed Muslim girls as oppressed however they wore hijab by choice.
Bhatti (1999) - Girls in Asian households restricted due to family honour

Question 4

Gender and class
Study - Mac an Ghail (1994)

Answer 4

'The glass ceiling effect' - Upper class women more likely to go up in the workplace 
Mac an Ghail (1994) - Decline in working class 'masculine' jobs.

Question 5

Gender and sexuality

Study - McCormack & Anderson (2010)

Answer 5

Being gay is stigmatised
McCormack & Anderson (2010) - Boys demonstrated pro-gay attitudes in all boys school, however the presumption that a person is straight continues.

Question 6

Ethnicity and nationality

Study - Howe (2000)

Answer 6

Black British
Howe (2000) - English nationalism more exclusive to white people however others argue that national identity will become less important in todays globalised society.