C - Fighting Disease

Question 1

What are pathogens?

Answer 1

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease

Question 2

What are the two main types of pathogen?

Answer 2

Bacteria and viruses

Question 3

What are bacteria?

Answer 3

Very small LIVING cells that can REPRODUCE RAPIDLY inside your body

Question 4

What are the two ways that bacteria make you feel ill? (What happens to the bacterium?)

Answer 4

• Damage your cells

* Produce toxins (poisons)

Question 5

What are viruses?

Answer 5

Viruses are NOT CELLS they are a lot smaller

Question 6

How do viruses make you feel ill? (What happens to them?)

Answer 6

They REPLICATE THEMSELVES by invading your cells and using the cells machinery to produce many copies of themselves. The cell will usually then burst, releasing all the new viruses. This damages the cell and makes you feel ill.

Question 7

What are the small fragments of cells that help blood clot quickly to seal wounds?

Answer 7

Platelets

Question 8

When microbes get into the body, your _______ system kicks in.

Answer 8

Immune

Question 9

What to white bloods cells do and why do they play such a big role in the immune system?

Answer 9

They travel around in your blood and crawl into every part of you, constantly patrolling for microbes to attack and get rid of.

Question 10

What are the 3 ways that white blood cells attack viruses and bacteria?

Answer 10

• Consume then
• Produce antibodies
• Produce antitoxins

Question 11

What happens when the white blood cells consume the foreign cells?

Answer 11

They engulf the microbes and digest them

Question 12

How do viruses or bacteria produce antibodies? (What’s the process?)

Answer 12

When your white blood cells come across a foreign antigen they will start to rapidly PRODUCE proteins called antibodies that will LOCK onto the microbes and KILL the invading cells. The antibodies produced are SPECIFIC TO THAT TYPE of antigen and won’t lock onto any others.

Question 13

What does being naturally immune mean?

Answer 13

If the person is infected with the same pathogen again, the white blood cells will rapidly produce antibodies to kill it and hopefully won’t get ill

Question 14

Every invading cell has unique molecules on its surface called…?

Answer 14

Antigens

Question 15

If a white blood cell comes across an invading microbe they produce antitoxins, what are these?

Answer 15

They counteract toxins produced by the bad cells

Question 16

Are pathogens good or bad?

Answer 16

BAD - viruses and bacteria!!

Question 17

Are toxins good or bad?

Answer 17

BAD - they are poisons

Question 18

Are bacteriums good or bad?

Answer 18

BAD - they are bacteria!!

Question 19

Are microorganisms or microbes good or bad?

Answer 19

BOTH - it’s usually a term used to describe viruses etc… but yeast is a microorganism!! Microbes usually used more for bad things like viruses though!

Question 20

What’s a microorganism?

Answer 20

A tiny microscopic living organism

Question 21

Are platelets good or bad?

Answer 21

GOOD - they help your blood to clot

Question 22

Are white blood cells good or bad?

Answer 22

GOOD - they play a huge role in patrolling for microbes and killing them!

Question 23

Are antigens good or bad?

Answer 23

BAD - They are found on the surface of bad invading cells!

Question 24

Are antibodies good or bad?

Answer 24

GOOD - they kill the foreign microbes

Question 25

Are antitoxins good or bad?

Answer 25

GOOD - they counteract the toxins produced by invading bacteria