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Underwater Basket Weaving > Building Construction For The Fire Service > Flashcards

Building Construction For The Fire Service Flashcards

1
Q

Declaring a fire a “Structure Fire” indicates what?

A

That the buildings structure is involved and the gravity resistance system of the building is under attack.
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2
Q

A “Prefire Analysis” is a step beyond prefire planning, this allows fire personnel to do what?

A

To anticipate problems.
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3
Q

In general, what 4 types of forces can be applied to a buildings structural members?

A

Compression
Tension
Torsion
Shear
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4
Q

Regarding Buildings, Define Dead Load ( also called Self Weight)

A

The weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached to it, or built in.
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5
Q

Define Live Loads.

A

Any loads not permanently attached to the structure.

Any loads other than the dead loads.

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6
Q

Define Impact Loads.

A

Loads delivered over a short time.
SUDDEN IMPACT
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7
Q

Define Static Loads

A

Loads that are applied slowly and remain constant ( heavy safe)
SLOW AND CONSTANT

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8
Q

Define Repeated Load

A

A load that is applied intermittently (rolling bridge crane)

BOUNCING REPEATEDLY

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9
Q

How are Axial and Eccentric loads different?

A

Axial loads transfer force through the center section. Eccentric loads do not transfer force through the center.
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10
Q

If a building itself is combustible, does the building add to the fire load?

A

Yes!!!
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11
Q

In a truss the top chord is in compression and the bottom chord is in tension. What happens to the truss when it is cantilevered?

A

The forces reverse.
Top = Tension
Bottom = Compression
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12
Q

Is it necessary for a Column to be in a vertical orientation?

A

No.
Any structural member that is compressively loaded can be a Column.
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13
Q

If a brick wall has header and stretcher courses, what does this likely indicate?

A

That the wall is load - bearing.
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14
Q

This type of mortar was used until about 1880. It could be washed out with water.

A

Sand Lime Mortar.
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15
Q

Steel heated to 1000°F will elongate how many inches per 100 feet?

A

9.5 inches
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16
Q

Piles are driven through soft ground to bedrock. This forms a solid foundation for a building. They are usually made of what?

A

Large timbers or wood.
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17
Q

What are caissons usually made from?

A

Concrete.
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18
Q

Define the sizes of each type of structural member.
Board
Dimensional Lumber
Timber

A

Board = less than or equal to 2in nominal thickness.
Dimensional Lumber = 2-4 in nominal thickness.
Timber = greater than or equal to 5in nominal thickness.
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19
Q

Define Nominal Thickness.

A

The thickness of Lumber prior to kiln drying.
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20
Q

OSB is made from wood pieces that are how long?

A

3-4 inches.
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21
Q

Concrete is composed of what 3 materials?

A

Portland Cement
Water
Aggregate
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22
Q

Structural Steel fails at what temperature range?

A

1,000-1,100°F
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23
Q

Cold Drawn Steel (Cables or Tendons in tensioned concrete) fails at what temperature?

A

800°F
73

24
Q

What happens to Cast Iron that has-been heated then rapidly cooled by a hose stream?

A

It fails. Due to becoming brittle.
73

25
Q

What type of fire conditions can melt Aluminum?

A

Typical fire temperatures
74

26
Q

What is the main fire Hazard with EIFS (Exterior Insulation Finishing System) panels?

A

The outside panel falls if under fire conditions, exposing the combustible plastic insulation.
76

27
Q

What is an area of a building that has fire rated smoke doors and can remain tenable for a period of time called?

A

Area of Refuge.
81

28
Q

What is the major difference between Building Codes & Fire Codes?

A

Building Codes regulate the construction of a building.
Fire Codes regulate the use of a building after it is built.
87

29
Q

Define a Model Code.

A

Complete Regulatory Codes that can be adopted by cities & states as they are written.
87

30
Q

Define the 5 types of construction.

A

Type 1 = Fire resistive
Type 2 = Non-combustible
Type 3 = Ordinary
Type 4 = Heavy timber
Type 5 = Wood frame
88

31
Q

What is the fire rating requirement for stairwells up to 3 stories VS 4 or more stories?

A

Up to 3 stories = 1 hour fire rating.
4 stories or more = 2 hour fire rating.
98

32
Q

The Americans with Disabilities Act was passed in what year?

A

1990
101

33
Q

What are the 4 parts of the Fire Tetrahedron?

A

Fuel
Heat
Uninhibited chemical chain reaction
Oxidizing agent
107

34
Q

What are the 3 methods of heat transfer?

A

Conduction = within an object or between objects through direct contact.

Convection = transfer of heat through a gas or liquid

Radiation = transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.

107

35
Q

A fire that is not ventilation limited will pass through what 4 stages?

A

Incipient = initial stage after ignition

Free Burning = spreads to adjacent combustible material

Flash over = when exposed surfaces ignite simultaneously

Smoldering / Decay = glowing combustion takes place without combustion

108

36
Q

Define Flameover.

A

When hot, unturned gases suddenly ignite.

108

37
Q

Winds over what MPH range should become a tactical consideration at a fire scene?

A

10 - 20 MPH.
108

38
Q

What are the 4 types of sprinkler systems?

A

Wet Pipe

Dry Pipe = air in the pipes. Used in freezing areas

Preaction = air in pipes but a separate detector must initiate water flow. Good where damage may occur.

Deluge = all heads are open, separate detector initiates water flow, mostly for flammable liquids
152

39
Q

A ESFR (Early Suppression/ Fast Response) sprinkler head has what size orifice and can flow how many GPM?

A

3/4 inch orifice
100 GPM
164

40
Q

According to the author of Building Construction, High Rise fires should be fought with what size hoselines?
What type of nozzle?
Why?

A

2 1/2 inch.
Smooth Bore.
Their reach, penetration and ability to operate at the lower operating pressure provided by standpipes

165

41
Q

Carpet of fire in a corridor should be fought with a solid stream.
What technique should be used?
Why not use a fog stream?

A

Solid stream directed through the fire to wet the carpet beyond the fire, stopping extension.

Fog streams are known to push the fire down the corridor.
171

42
Q

Emergency Power systems have __ seconds to provide power.
Standby Power systems have __ seconds to provide power,

A

Emergency Power = 10 seconds.

Standby Power = 60 seconds.
183

43
Q

Large commercial boilers can provide up to ___ PSI for hot water.

A

160 PSI
184

44
Q

What is one of the biggest issues with HVAC systems for firefighters?

A

The ability for smoke to be circulated throughout a building during a fire.

184

45
Q

Natural gas mains may contain up to ___ psi.

Residential gas lines have regulators that cut the pressure down to ____ to ___ psi.PSI.

Commercial buildings may require pressures as high as _ psi to supply large equipment.

A

Mains 100 psi.

Residential 0.25 psi - 0.5 psi

Commercial buildings 5 psi

187

46
Q

Hydraulic Elevators are typically limited to buildings of _ to _ stories.

A

5 to 6 stories
188

47
Q

Describe Phase I, II & III Elevator operations

A

Phase I = elevator is recalled to a specific floor (usually the first floor lobby). Triggered by a smoke detector activation. When the elevator reaches the predetermined floor it doors will open to let occupants out. Doors stay open for FF’s to use.

Phase II = Used by FF’s with a special key. Normally after Phase I brings the elevator down to the lobby.

Phase III = Used prior to Phase I by occupants for Evacuation. Special Elevator shafts that water & smoke protection. Also have communication systems.

190 & 191

48
Q

On an Escalator, does pushing the “Emergency Stop” remove power from the system?

A

No. The main power disconnect is usually near the motor (top of escalator) under the inspection plate.

192

49
Q

Refrigerants such as Freon were banned many years ago due to is effect on the environment. All new Refrigerants are increasingly _________?

A

Flammable.
194

50
Q

If Carbon Dioxide (CO2), typically used in restaurants, is leaking, where will it collect. Floor or ceiling?

A

Floor.
197

51
Q

In terms of Wood Frame Construction. Define the term Legacy Construction.

A

The use of solid wood members as opposed to lightweight wooden trusses or I-joists.

205

52
Q

How should a lightweight wood truss roof be accessed if it must be ventilated, while the roof itself is on fire?

A

Must use an aerial device.
214

53
Q

What is the flammability range of CO?

A

12.5 % to 74%
214

54
Q

What is the ignition temperature of CO?

A

1128°F
214

55
Q

Roofing materials are classified as A,B & C for fire resistance. What classification is the LEAST fire resistive?

A

C
225

Underwater Basket Weaving (27 decks)

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