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PSYC111 > Building block > Flashcards

Building block Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical psychology

A

The study of mental disorders and how to treat them

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2
Q

Experimental Psychology

A

Using the scientific method to learn about the mind

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3
Q

G Stanley Hall

A

1st american psych pHD, opened 1st recognized psych lab, opened APA

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4
Q

APA

A

(American Psychological Association) one of the most influential/populated psych orgs

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5
Q

Margaret Floyd Washburn

A

1st american woman pHD in psych

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6
Q

Francis Cecil Sumner

A

1st black american psych pHD

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7
Q

Bio Psycho Social

A

Way of viewing psychology that includes biology, psychology and sociology

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8
Q

Counseling psychologist

A

Psychologist that doesn’t deal with disorders but with the challenges of life

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9
Q

Community psychologist

A

Create social environments cultivating mental health

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10
Q

Nativism

A

Viewpoint created by Plato, humans are born with innate knowledge

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11
Q

Philosophical Empiricism

A

Viewpoint created by Aristotle, all humans knowledge is gained through experience

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12
Q

Demons theory

A

Ancient theory where people believed demons were responsible for psychological disorders

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13
Q

Trephination

A

Ancient practice where parts of people’s brains were cut out to cure mental disorders

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14
Q

Old biologic theories

A

Outdated belief that different parts of your psychology are determined by different parts of your body

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15
Q

John Locke

A

Believed all knowledge came from experience

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16
Q

Old witchcraft theory

A

Outdated belief that mental disorders were caused by witches, and those “witches” would be killed

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17
Q

Phrenology

A

Outdated belief that different bumps and divots were responsible for different psychological aspects

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18
Q

Weber and Fechner

A

Believed there is a difference between real and perceived world

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19
Q

Gestalt philosophy

A

Understanding your whole philosophy is better than understanding your senses individually

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20
Q

Structuralism

A

Understanding the aspects that make up our consciousness (structure), founded by willhem wundt

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21
Q

Wilhem Wundt

A

Founder of structuralism, opened first psychology lab

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22
Q

When was the first psychology lab opened

A

1879

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23
Q

Functionalism

A

Understanding the function of our psychology, influenced by darwin, founded by william james

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24
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Switched focus of psychology from the conscious to the unconscious, believed humans were innately bad,

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25
Q

Behaviorism

A

Mind does not matter: behavior does

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26
Q

Humanism

A

All humans have the capacity for good, though not all will be (in opposition to Freud’s view)

27
Q

What is the difference between basic and applied psychology?

A

Basic: to expand knowledge, with no real
Applied: application to the real world

28
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

The idea that people all influence each other

29
Q

Skepticism vs naive realism

A

Skepticism: you can’t believe everything you see
Naive realism: the world is exactly as you see it

30
Q

What are the three roadblocks to scientific thinking?

A

Hindsight bias, overconfidence, and perceiving patterns in randoms

31
Q

Hindsight bias

A

After completing an experiment, the false belief that you knew the results all along

32
Q

What are the benefits of doing an experiment

A

It is the only test that determines causality

33
Q

What are the requirements of an experiment

A

Must have a manipulatable IV, random assignment

34
Q

What is a quasi experiment

A

An experiment on a IV that is non manipulatable

35
Q

Cross sectional

A

Provide a snapshot of a time-based IV at a moment, rather than over time

36
Q

Natural observation

A

Observing participants without their knowledge (typically in public settings)

37
Q

between-subjects vs within-subjects

A

Between: each participant is exposed to each IV
Within: each participant is exposed to a different IV

38
Q

What does WEIRD mean

A

Most participants in psych studies are from Western Educated Independent Rich Democratic countries

39
Q

internal vs external validity

A

Internal: degree of cause-effect between variables
External: degree of population/setting influence

40
Q

reliability vs validity

A

reliability: getting the same score over multiple instances
validity: getting scores closer to the population mean

41
Q

Self selection

A

People who choose to participate in a study

42
Q

T-test vs F-stat vs p-test

A

T: diff between 2 groups
F: diff between 2 or more groups
p: how likely that difference is due to chance

43
Q

positive vs negative correlation

A

positive: variables increase/decrease together
negative: variables move in opposition to each other

44
Q

What is it called when a participant is told the risks and dangers of participating in a study?

A

Informed consent

45
Q

What is respect for persons?

A

You cannot force or coerce participants

46
Q

Can you coerce participants with money?

A

Yes, unless it is so much that they feel like they can’t say no

47
Q

Beneficence

A

Maximize benefit, minimize cost

48
Q

Fairness

A

All participants should reap benefits of the study

49
Q

Debriefing

A

Come clean at the end of the experiment about what you lied about and why

50
Q

What are the main ethics concepts discussed?

A

Informed consent, respect for persons, beneficence, confidentiality, fairness, debriefing

51
Q

What is the Tuskeegee Syphilis study?

A

An unethical study where members of a poor black community were unknowingly injected with syphilis, many of whom died and were not treated

52
Q

What is the main issue with animal research

A

Animals can’t consent

53
Q

What are the three kinds of misconduct?

A

Plagiarism, Falsification, Fabrication

54
Q

Falsification vs fabrication

A

Falsification: data is collected and intentionally manipulated
Fabrication: data is completely made up

55
Q

Experimenter expectancy

A

Experimenter expects their experiment to go a certain way, impacting results

56
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Behavior that communicate the researcher’s expectations, which influence how participants react

57
Q

Blindness

A

Participant is unaware of the experimental group they are in

58
Q

Double blindness

A

Neither the researcher or participant knows what experimental group they are in

59
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

Participants behave differently when they know they are being observed

60
Q

Social desirability bias

A

Participants want to reply in socially acceptable ways instead of truthfully

61
Q

Bogus pipeline

A

Participants are hooked up to a lie detector. Being exposed as a liar is less desirable than telling socially unacceptable truths

62
Q

Confound variable

A

Other variable not studied in experiment that affects dependent variable

63
Q

What is the best kind of study for psychology?

A

A double-blind experiment

PSYC111 (13 decks)

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