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PHARMA – blood, resp, GI > BRONCHODILATORS > Flashcards

BRONCHODILATORS Flashcards

pharmacology day 2 → drugs in asthma, expectorants, antitussive drugs, mucolytics

1
Q

sympathomimetics (beta-adrenergic agonists) → mechanism of action

A

stimulate adenyl cyclase & increase cAMP in smooth muscle cells

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2
Q

drugs included in SABA:

A

albuterol + terbutaline + metaproterenol + salbutamol + fenoterol

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3
Q

drugs included in LABA:

A

salmeterol + formoterol + indacaterol

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4
Q

pharmacokinetics → SABA:

A

INHALATION, rapid onset, provide relief for 46h.

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5
Q

pharmacokinetics → LABA:

A

INHALATION, provide dilation for at least 12h → ALWAYS combined with corticosteroids (NEVER used alone)

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6
Q

indications → SABA:

A

used in ACUTE episodes

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7
Q

indications → LABA:

A

used as PROPHYLAXIS (in combination with corticosteroids)

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8
Q

side effects of sympatomimetics:

A
  1. tachycardia
  2. arrhytmias & tremor
  3. hyperglycemia
  4. hypokalemia
  5. hypomagnesemia
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9
Q

muscarinic antagonists → mechanism of action:

A
  • short-acting anticholinergic
  • block M receptors in airways
  • reverse bronchoconstriction → esp. in children & pat. with COPD
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10
Q

drugs included in muscarinic antagonists:

A

ipratropium + tiotropium

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11
Q

pharmacokinetics of muscarinic antagonists:

A

INHALATION

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12
Q

indication of muscarinic antagonists:

A

pat. NOT tolerating SABA or with concomitant COPD

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13
Q

side effects of muscarinic antagonists

A
  1. xerostomia

2. bitter taste

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14
Q

methylxanthines → mechanism of action:

A

inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE) + blocks adenosine receptors in CNS etc.

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15
Q

drugs included in methylxanthines:

A

theophylline

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16
Q

pharmacokinetics of methylxanthines:

A

ORALLY

17
Q

indication of methylxanthines:

A

slow release → controls nocturnal asthma

18
Q

side effects of methylxanthines:

A
  1. GI-tract distress
  2. tremor, insomnia
  3. overdose → severe nausea & vomiting, arrhythmias, seizures

PHARMA – blood, resp, GI (20 decks)

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