ANTITUSSIVES

Question 1

CENTRALLY-acting antitussive drugs:

Answer 1

1. dextromethorphan
2. codeine
3. hydrocodone
4. pholcodine

Question 2

mechanism of action:

Answer 2

1. dextromethorphan → centrally acting. D-isomer of potent opioid agonist → suppress coughing
2. codeine & hydrocodone → decrease sensitivity of cough centers in CNS to peripheral stimuli → decrease mucus secretion
3. lidocaine → locally acting anesthetic

Question 3

indication:

Answer 3

dextromethorphan:

1. for cough 
2. safer than codeine

codeine & hydrocodone:

1. excellent antitussive activity
2. liquid preparations

Question 4

side effects:

Answer 4

dextromethorphan → no CNS effect

codeine & hydrocodone:

1. very little effect on CNS
2. constipation, dysphoria, fatigue

Question 5

PERIPHERALLY-acting antitussive drugs:

Answer 5

1. lidocaine

2. benzonatate

Question 6

the OPIOID cough suppressants include:

Answer 6

1. codeine
2. hydrocodone
3. dextromethorphan