Britain 3: chartism and decline in demand for reform Flashcards
Reasons for chartism failure
List 4 factors
Divisions in leadership
Divisions in protest (violence)
Political organisations
Demands were too ambitious
Divisions in leadership
Who led moral-force chartism?
William Lovett and Francis Place
Divisions in leadership
Who led physical force chartism?
Feargus O’Connor
Divisions in leadership
Where was christian chartism present?
In Scotland
Divisions in protest (violence)
When were the Plug Riots?
1842
Divisions in protest (violence)
How many people signed the first petition?
1.2 million
Divisions in protest (violence)
How many people signed the second petition?
3.3 million
Divisions in protest (violence)
How many people signed the 3rd petition?
5.7 million but only 2 million were real
Divisions in protest (violence)
When were the chartist petitions?
1838, 1842, 1848
Divisions in protest (violence)
When was the Newport Rising?
3rd and 4th November 1839
Divisions in protest (violence)
How many people dead and wounded at the Newport Rising?
20 dead and 50 wounded
Chartist Political Organisations
When and where was the National Charter Association?
1840, Manchester
Chartist Political Organisations
How many branches did the NCA have in April 1842?
401 branches
Chartist Political Organisations
Why did the NCA fail?
Chartist Political Organisations
Who created the Complete Suffrage Union and when?
Joseph Sturge in 1842
Chartist Political Organisations
How many branches did the CSU have in April 1842?
50 branches
Chartist Political Organisations
Why did the CSU fail?
wouldn’t work with the Anti-Corn Law League
Chartist Political Organisations
How many members did the NCA have at the start and at the end of 1842?
50,000 and then 70,000
Demands were too ambitious
What suffrage did they want?
Universal suffrage for all men over 21
Demands were too ambitious
What did they want for constituencies?
constituencies of equal size
Demands were too ambitious
Why did they want annual parliament meetings?
To ensure MPs kept in touch with needs of constituencies
Demands were too ambitious
What did they want MPs?
Pay MPs to enable them to focus on constituencies and give up their jobs
In the Land Plan, how much was collected from how many subscribers?
£100,000 from 70,000 subscribers
How many people actually got land in the Land Plan?
250
Why was O’Connor investigated?
for financial irregularities in the Land Plan
What was ‘New Move’?
Lovett setting up schools for working class children
Decline in reform before 1832
List factors
Fear of revolution
The unreformed system
Middle Class
Govt actions
Loyalism
Protests
Why would you say that the unreformed system would lead to a decline in reform demands?
The upper class benefited from the system, therefore didn’t want it to change
Why did the middle class cause a decline in reform demands?
Wanted to keep laissez-faire govt as it was good for trade. Middle class wanted to maintain their wealth and land so didn’t want more voters to change laws
Fear of Revolution
How many members did the LCS claim to have in 1792?
5000
Fear of Revolution
How many copies did Paine’s Rights of Man sell?
200,000
Fear of Revolution
When did William Cobbett begin republishing his leading article from the Weekly Political Register?
1816
Fear of Revolution
How much was the Weekly Political Register?
2d = affordable
Government Actions
What did Newspaper and Stamp Duties Act do?
introduced a 4d duty o n newspapers = more expensive
Government Actions
When did the govt create the Seditious Meetings Act?
December 1795
Government Actions
What did the Seditious Meetings Act do?
ban meetings of over 50 people
Government Actions
When and what did the Combinations Act do?
1799 and 1800 = banned trade unions
Government Actions
What did it mean when Habeas Corpus was suspended?
political prisoners could be held indefinitley
Government Actions
When was Habeas Corpus suspended?
1794
Government Actions
What did the 1815 Corn Laws guarantee?
A price of 80 shillings a quarter tonne before foreign grain was allowed to enter the market
Government Actions
What triggered the govt to pass the Six Acts?
The Peterloo Massacre
Government Actions
What could happen to the meeting places of radical meetings?
The pub license could be taken away
Government Actions
What did the Alien Section and Secret Service do?
Infiltrate radical societies such as the LCS
Government Actions
When was the Alien Section and Secret Service established?
1793
Government Actions
What did they do to prominent radical Thomas Muir?
charged him with sedition and sentenced him to 14 years transport
Government Actions
What did they charge reverend Thomas Palmer with?
encouraged people to read the Rights of Man
Loyalism
When did ‘Church and King’ clubs establish in Birmingham and Manchester?
Brum = 1791
Manchester = 1792
Loyalism
By what year were there 1000s of loyalist groups?
1793
Loyalism
What did the APLP stand for?
Association for Preserving Liberty and Property Against Republicans and Levellers
Loyalism
When and by who was the APLP created?
1792 by John Reeves
Loyalism
How many branches did the APLP have?
2000
Protests
How many people attended the first of 3 meetings at the Spa Fields Riots?
20,000
Protests
How many people gathered to listen to Henry Hunt and when?
60,000 in 1819
Protests
How many people were killed and how many wounded at the Peterloo Massacre?
11 killed, 400-600 wounded
Protests
In what year did the March of the Blanketeers set off?
1817
Protests
How many people started the March of the Blanketeers, but how many people made it to Stockport?
4500 started, 300 made it
