Britain 2: consequences of industrialisation Flashcards
What are 4 consequences of industrialisation factors?
Growth of banking
Growth of middle class
Working conditions
Living conditions
Working conditions
What was the fine for being 10 mins late?
2 hours wages
Working conditions
What was the fine for talking?
1/5 daily wage
Working conditions
How long was the working week?
6 days of 14hrs
Working conditions
When was the Davy safety lamp introduced?
1815
Working conditions
In mines, production went from what to what in which years?
1750 = 6 million tons
1850 = 55 million tons
Working conditions
In mines, how deep were the mines by 1850, compared to what they were?
now 300 meters compared to 90 meters
Working conditions
What did it mean if employees were ‘bound’?
involved agreeing to work for an allotted period of time and money, but employers did not have to provide this work
Living conditions
How deep were house foundations?
3 bricks deep
Living conditions
How much was rent for ‘back’ houses and front houses?
back = 1s 10d per week
front = 2s 6d per week
Living conditions
What fraction of Birmingham lived in back-to-back houses?
2/3
Living conditions
How many back-to-back houses were there in Nottingham by 1841?
12,600
Living conditions
When, where, and how many people did the first major cholera outbreak kill?
1831 in Sunderland, 32,000 killed
Living conditions
Name an example of a place that tried to improve living conditions
In Saltaire, West Yorkshire
Living conditions
The population in urban areas increased by how much every decade?
27%
Living conditions
Why was water only turned on for a limited period each day?
private companies competed to supply the water
Living conditions
How many victims did typhus claim each year?
4000
Living conditions
What % of children died before their 5th birthday?
57%
Living conditions
In Chadwick’s report, how many streets did he find were unpaved?
248
Living conditions
In Chadwick’s report, how many streets did he find were ill-ventilated?
112
Growth of middle class
When did Richard Arkwright die with a fortune of what?
1792 with £500,000
Growth of middle class
Name the man who had the idea to put a steam engine on wheels that died penniless after making poor decision making?
Richard Trevithick
Growth of middle class
In what years did the middle class grow by 75%?
1816 and 1831
Growth of middle class
How many middle class were there in 1816 compared to 1831?
1816 = 160,000
1831 = 214,000
Growth of middle class
By 1838, how much was the cotton industry making and how many people were employed?
£300 million, employing 833,000 people
Growth of middle class
Who owned the Cyfartha iron works?
Richard Crawshay
Growth of middle class
How many people did the Cyfartha iron works employ?
5000 people
Growth of banking
In 1784, how many join stock banks were there?
119
Growth of banking
What did a clause in the Bank of England Charter in 1800 mean?
denied right of note issue to banks with more than 6 members = kept banking localised
Growth of banking
In what year were there 800 banks?
1808
Growth of banking
When were smaller banks absorbed into larger joint stock banks after the depression?
1826
Growth of banking
What was the first joint stock bank and when?
Lancashire Banking Company in October 1826
Growth of banking
What did the Act of Parliament do in 1833?
permitted join stock banks in London to issue cheques
Growth of banking
How did the Act of Parliament significantly change banking?
Increased speed of transactions. Counties began setting up their own system of bankiing
Growth of banking
In 1866, there were how many joint stock banks with how many branches?
154 banks with 850 branches nationwide
How did the growth of banking lead to the growth of middle class?
Growth of banking allowed money to be transferred faster and provided safety for savings and investments, causing middle class to arise
By 1811, British industry was making how much, with how much being exported?
£130 million, with £40 million being exported
