Bridge Resource Management Flashcards
What is a key requirement for manning and running a ship?
Having the highest calibre personnel and the latest equipment.
This is often hindered by harsh economic realities.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
What challenges do bridge teams often face?
Working with mixed ability personnel and outdated equipment.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
This can affect the successful completion of a voyage.
What is the concern of all ships’ officers during a voyage?
To make the best possible use of available resources, both human and material.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
Each member of the team has a part to play.
What does ‘Team Management’ refer to?
The interaction required within the team for a system to work.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
It emphasizes continuous acceptance and understanding among team members.
What are the two main factors that need to be addressed for good results?
- Technical knowledge and skills
- People skills involved in the development of human resources.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
Both are essential for effective team performance.
What basic principles are essential for the smooth running of a bridge team? (2 things)
- Communication
- Man management.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
These principles help in overcoming cultural and traditional rank boundaries.
True or False: Team Management is an act of management by one person.
False.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
It involves continuous interaction and understanding among all team members.
Fill in the blank: The development of human resources is covered in depth in _______.
[other sections].
Bridge Team Management - Swift
This indicates that human resource development is a broader topic.
True or false one of the primary functions of a team is the provision of a system of checking and crosschecking decisions that will directly and indirectly affect the passage of the ship.
True
Bridge Team Management - Swift
An efficient team member will be ___________ fit.
A. Physically
B. Mentally.
C. Spiritually.
D. A and B only.
D. A and B only.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
True or false Error chains are the results of non-serious incidents that culminate.
True
Bridge Team Management - Swift
____________ helps the OOW or what other watch keeper to recognize that an error chain is developing and to take action based upon this recognition to break the error chain
A. Standard operating procedure
B. Malfunctioning equipment.
C. Situational awareness.
D. Captains night orders.
C. Situational awareness.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
Ambiguity means what?
A. Situation are repeating.
B. The feeling that everything is happening as that can be expected.
C. The subtle indication that things are not going as expected.
D. All the above.
C. The subtle indication that things are not going as expected..
Bridge Team Management - Swift
What is an indication that situational awareness may be beginning to break down?
A. Fixes are on time and and accurate.
B. Extra watch standers called to the Bridge for heavy traffic.
C. The full attention of a person upon one event to the exclusion of others ie distraction.
D. None of the above.
C. The full attention of a person upon one event to the exclusion of others i.e. distraction.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
a lookout who is unclear about his duties as usually a result of __________.
A. Loss of situational awareness.
B. Good team management.
C. Poor team management.
D. None of the above.
C. Poor team management. Bridge Team Management - Swift
What are the 2 main causes of collisions and groundings?
- Weakness and Bridge organization.
- Failure to keep a good lookout.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
What can failure to correctly identify navigation lights cause?
A. Subsequent error.
B. Confusion.
C. Loss of situational awareness
D. All the above.
D. All the above
Bridge Team Management - Swift
Which of the below instances occurred because the OOW does not appreciate the complexity of his role in a deteriorating situation?
A. Failure to take an immediate action to regain track having deviated from it.
B. Failure to use the echosounder when making landfall or navigating in constrained waters.
C. Failure to ensure the important navigation decisions are independently, checked by another officer.
D. All of the above
D. All of the above.
Bridge Team Management - Swift
- Penalties and liabilities for accidents that could occur should be foremost on the mariner’s mind when deciding on a course of action. (Page 305) A. True B. False
B. False
Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
- Bridge Resource Management is designed to reduce errors and omissions through a system of checks, delegation of duties, and joint decision making by a group of vessel personnel referred to as the bridge team.
(Page 299-301)
A. True B. False
A. True
Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
- The bridge team shares the workload, obtains and communicates relevant information early, and monitors the vessel’s progress by crosschecking the decisions and actions of all members of the team within the context of the master/pilot relationship. (Page 300-1) A. True B. False
A. True
Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
- BRM has changed traditional pilot responsibility for overall vessel control and protection of the public interest and the local environment by integrating the pilot into the joint decision making bridge team.
(Pages 301-2)
a. true
b. false
A. True
Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
True or False: the shipboard team should exist only to supply information and assist as assigned by the responsibility of the master or pilot.
True
Pg 299 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
This is an organization designed to reduce errors and omissions through a system of checks and delegation of duties.
Bridge Resource Management
Pg 299 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
This is the name for a conning officers interpreting the event as he expects it to be based on assumption or previous experience that may not be applicable.
Perceived world
Pg 300 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
What are 7 ways a conning officer may fail to recognize the errors?
- Failure to set priorities
•2. Inadequate monitoring
•3. Failure to delegate tasks and assign responsibilities - Failure to use available data
- Failure to communicate
•6. Preoccupation with minor technical problems - Loss of situational awareness
Pg 300 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
Who is included in the bridge team?
A. Deck officers and unlicensed crew
B. Deck officers, unlicensed crew and master
C. Deck officers, unlicensed crew, master and pilot
C. Deck officers, unlicensed crew, master and pilot
Pg 302 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
The bridge team must be sufficient size to perform a normal bridge duties, BRM groups into three general areas what are they?
- Collision Avoidance - detecting and avoiding other vessels
- Navigation - keeping the vessel safely clear of shoal water, close to intended track and near or on schedule
- Administration - routine watch duties, such as communications, log keeping exc.
pg 302 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
True or False: Bridge watch duties have considerable overlap which allows members to cross-check each other.
True
Pg 303 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
Effective BRM dictates that duties are divided based on the _________ of team members.
A. Experience
B. Knowledge
C. Expertise
D. Confidence
C. Expertise
Pg 303 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
What does a Master/Pilot exchange do for a shared mental model required for effective BRM?
A. Completes it
B. Forms it
C. Deters it
D. None of the above
B. Forms it
Pg 304 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
The master who is responsible for training should schedule meeting in what four parts of the voyage?
- Pre-voyage
- Post-voyage
- Monthly
- Special
Pg 304 Shiphandling for the Mariner - Macelrevey
These are indications that their is an error chain building and signs that there is a breakdown in situation awareness? (7 things)
- Ambiguity: the subtle indication that things are not going as expected.
- Distraction: the full attention of a person upon one event to the exclusion of others.
- Inadequacy and confusion: confusion of junior or senior officers without the experience or knowledge to cope with a situation.
- Communication breakdown: could be with members of a team that don’t understand each other.
- Improper con or lookout: a look out who doesn’t know about his duties or it isn’t clear who has the control of the ship.
- Non-compliance with passage plan
- Procedural violation
Bridge Team Management - Swift
What are some ways to avoid error chains and subsequent casualties that may develop as a result of loss of situational awareness. (7 things)
- Setting double watches in appropriate circumstances
- Ensuring sufficient personnel are available in special circumstances
- Precise instructions for calling the master
- Posting look-outs
- Manning the wheel
- Established drill for changing over from automatic to manual steering
- Precise instructions regarding reducing speed in the event of reduced visibility
What are the five dimensions of emotional intelligence?
Self-awareness, self regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills
The ______________ is the part of the brain where the emotions and experience evokes are stored.
Amygdala
Name the structure that plays the key role in emotional emergencies that makes a snap
The Amygdala
When __________ levels are high people make more errors are more distracted and can’t remember as well.
Cortisol
What is a amygdala hijack?
A. Hormones, we secrete under stress, are enough for a single bout of fight or flight.
B. The Amygdala becomes a hair trigger, ready to move us into anger or panic.
C. All of the above.
C. All of the above.
What does flow do to the brains arousal?
A. Increases it
B. Keep it consistent.
C. Decreases it.
D. Does nothing to it.
C. Decreases it even though the person may be engaged in an extremely challenging task.
Why does flow naturally propel self improvement?
A. People learn best when they are fully engaged and what they’re doing.
B. The more people that practice task the better they get.
C. All of the above.
D. None of the above.
C. All of the above.
Initiative without ______, can be destructive and typifies managers who perform poorly.
A. Experience.
B. Confidence.
C. Empathy.
D. Influence.
C. Empathy bosses who micromanage take control small details best left to subordinates may seem to have initiative, but lack the basic awareness of how their actions affect other people.
What is empathy distress?
When someone who is highly empathetic is exposed to another person’s negative moves and doesn’t have the self regulation skills to calm their own sympathetic distress
What are the three ways leveraging diversity revolves around?
- Getting along with people who are different.
- Appreciate the unique ways others may operate.
- Seizing whatever business opportunity these unique approaches might offer.
True or false, political awareness is the emotional confidence that builds on both emotional self-control, and empathy, allowing people to see clearly rather than being swayed by their own point of view
True
What is tact?
The ability to present an unpopular position in a way that creates little or no hostility and preserves the other person sense of dignity
Four classic moves for cooling down conflicts
Calm down tune into your feelings and express them
A willingness to work things out by talking over the issue rather than escalating it with more aggression
State your own point of view in a neutral language rather than an argumentative tone
Try to find equitable ways to resolve the dispute, working together to find a resolution both sides can embrace
Name three competencies that are rooted into the basic talents for social coordination.
Building bonds: nurturing instrumental, relationships.
Collaborating and cooperation working with others tortured
Team capabilities, creating synergy, and working toward group goals
What is essential to develop developing strong, useful relationships?
Rapport building
Rapport hinges on empathy and typically emerges naturally in the course of casual conversation .
True or false a company to company relationship is nothing more than the ties between the people from each. The interpersonal chemistry is crucial.
True
Threats are defined as events or errors that do three things. What are those three things?
- Occur outside the influence of the flight crew
- Increase operational complexity of a flight.
- Require crew attention and management if safety margins are to be maintained.
Errors are defined as flight crew actions, or in actions that do one or more of these three things
- Lead to a deviation from crew or organization, intentions, or expectations.
- Reduce safety margins.
- Increase probability of adverse operational events on the ground or during flight.
Describe the Swiss cheese model.
Each slice of cheese represents a part of the aircraft operation. If an error is not detected and trapped. It can turn into an error, which can be visualized by a hole in the cheese. If there is a hole in the first layer and the second layer does not detect the error or resolve it another hole occurs, allowing the hole to enable the air to pass on if each layer fails an accident or incident occur.
What are Latent threats?
A. Threats that we just don’t know about.
B. Multiple threats in a row.
C. Threats that we know about but ignore.
D. None of the above.
A. We just don’t know though.
Who is ultimately responsible for being wise and resourceful in trapping and stopping threats and resolving and mitigating errors?
A. PIC.
B. SIC.
C. Flight attendant
D. The flight agent
A. PIC.
True or false if the PIC detects a threat or finds an error caused by others it is incumbent upon the PIC to take action
True
What does SEA- ICE stand for in regards to crew briefings.
Crew briefings include these categories:
1. Safety and security.
2. Equipment issues.
3. Abnormal procedures.
4. In case of emergency.
True or false First impressions are important because every first officer and flight attendant you meet for the first time is interviewing you.
True this is crucial in order to demonstrate that you are the PIC that you are confident.
What what does IMSAFE stand for in regards to assessing the fitness of your flight crew?
It means you’re looking for signs of illness, medication, stress, alcohol, fatigue, and emotion.
What does NEEDS mean in regards to crew briefings?
A. It’s a reminder to express your own needs of the crew during the flight.
B. It’s a reminder to make sure the crew should feel free to express their own needs to you.
C. It stands for New procedures, Entrences, Exits, Details and Safety.
D. None of the above.
B. It’s a reminder to make sure the crew should feel free to express their own needs to you.
True or false developing a positive rapport will establish a clear path for communications.
True
What are the four core truce of the new CRM?
- The crew will not work together if they misunderstand the variation of personalities among them.
- The crew will not work together if they allow personalities to become negative in the face of challenges.
- The crew will not work together if a member is not well from physiological or psychological standpoint.
- A crew will not work together if a member does not comply with standard operating procedures.
What are three steps to curbing and negative attitude?
Step one, acknowledge the problem
Step two offer an alternate view of the problem
Step three provide an alternate alternative response to the problem
What is a common sign of stress?
A. Profuse sweating.
B. Rapid stammering or mumbled speech, nervous habits
C. Being completely checked out or withdrawn..
D. All the above.
D. All of the above.
Name the clues to loss of situational awareness. (7 cues)
- Low stress level when the amount of information be processes significantly low the level of situation awareness is low.
- Hi stress level. When the amount of information being processed is significantly above an individuals capacity
- Ambiguity. When information can be understood in more than one way.
- Confusion or unresolved discrepancies when information is unclear or two or more pieces of information do not agree.
- Fixation or preoccupation the ability to detect other information stimuli his loss when an individual is fixated or preoccupied or distracted.
- Failure to meet when targets are not pilots must question why and recognize the consequences of not meeting targets.
- Got feeling.
True or false situational awareness is only intact when crewmembers understand the variations of each personality, rectify negative personalities ensure that everyone is fit to fly and operate in adherence to SOP.
True
Name the two important leadership elements that are described below:
1. This is never compromised if Pilots in command are consistent and honest and carrying out their responsibilities.
2. This involves keeping commitments and doing what you’re supposed to do when you’re required to.
Integrity and duty
It will take ______________ to promote exemplify and have authority to ensure that personalities attitudes wellness and SOP adherence among your crew produces a flight environment that operates under the new CRM model.
A. Duty
B. Integrity
C. Leadership
D. Loyalty
C. Leadership
What are four things and an evaluator will look for when an evaluating the performance of a flight?
- The flight flew within legal limits and there was an appropriate use of emergency authority
- The flight remained within SOP and or deviations were justified
- Errors were identified and appropriate corrective action was taken in a timely manner
- The successful outcome of a maneuver or procedure was never in doubt
What is a very simple rule of behavior to follow when an abnormal situation happens?
A. Relax.
B. Immediately find the abnormal checklist.
C. Immediately informed the crew.
D. None of the above.
A. Relax.
What are the four mandatory rules that come along with an abnormal situation?
A.
1. The use of a checklist this mandatory.
2. Using common sense as mandatory.
3. The use of threat and error management skills are mandatory
4. The use of CRM is mandatory.
Leaders cannot lead without being these 4 things?
A. Ethical.
B. Courteous.
C. Conscientious.
D. Businesslike
What are the 4 Rs In the four R model of leadership?
- Relationships.
- Roles
- Responsibilities.
- Results.
Where are the group of virtues that anchor the relationships category of the PIC leadership model? (5 things)
- Effective communications.
- Honest discernment.
- Soul sourced integrity.
- Commitment to duty.
- Promotion of teamwork.
True or false Without the virtuous set up, teamwork simply doesn’t occur.
True
What is one of the best tools a captain has at their disposal for establishing motivation?
A. Debrief sessions.
B. The initial brief
C. Their own work ethic.
D. All the above.
B. The initial brief.
True or false the practice of threat and error management is an exercise in efficiency
True
What are seven threats to professionalism?
- Machismo.
- Rebel./anti-authority.
- Resignation.
- Laziness.
- Apathy.
- Impulsivity.
- Invulnerability.
Which of the seven threats to professionalism is described below:
Someone who slumps into a pity party in the face of a challenge instead of striving to rise up and meet it .
Resignation
Which is the seven threats to professionalism is described below:
Someone who has an attitude of indifference
Apathy
