Brain Structure and Function Flashcards
What is apraxia? What cortical lesion can cause apraxia?
inability to perform complex movements in the absence of paralysis
premotor lesion (lateral portion of BA 6)
Frontal Eye fields are located in BA ___. Stimulation causes _____ whereas lesioning causes ______.
BA 8
contralateral eye movement
impaired contralateral gaze
Broca’s speech is associated with what BA and what anatomical structures?
BA 44 and 45
pars opercularis and pars triangularis
What is abulia? What cortical lesion can cause it?
decrease in thought, movement, speech, will, or initiative
b/l frontal lobe lesions can cause it
Akinetic mutism can be seen in adults with what cortical lesion?
b/l cingulate lesions
What are the symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy?
unable to close their eyes or move their mouth or
tongue, but are able to yawn, cry, cough, etc., which are reflexes of the pons and medulla
What leads to pseudobulbar palsy?
damage to cortical motor fibers projecting to lower brainstem
Stimulation to supplementary motor cortex leads to _______.
gross b/l movements
What is the function of the ventromedial pathway? What composes it?
controls axial movements and posture
tectum, vestibular nuclei, and pontine and medullary
reticular nuclei to the interneurons in the ventromedial spinal cord
Dominant parietal lobe is involved in ________ and non-dominant parietal lobe is involved in ________.
mathematical calculations and language
visuospatial relationships and geographic memory
The secondary somatosensory area is located on ______ and is BA ______.
supramarginal gyrus
area 40
Primary gustatory cortex is located on ______ and is BA _______.
anterior portion of parietal operculum
43
What causes Gerstmann’s syndrome?
dominant parietal lobe lesion at angular gyrus (area 39)
Gerstmann’s syndrome is characterized by what symptoms?
right/left dissociation, finger agnosia, acalculia, and agraphia
The uncinate fasciculus connects the ______ to the ______,
anterior temporal lobe to the orbitofrontal gyrus
Arcuate fasciculus connects ______ and ________.
Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area
Heschl’s gyrus is the _______, located in ______, and is BA ________.
primary auditory cortex
posterosuperior temporal lobe deep to Sylvian fissure
41, 42
Kluver Bucy syndrome results from ________.
b/l amygdala injuries
Kluver Bucy syndrome is characterized by _______.
Absence of emotional response, compulsion to explore all objects visually, tactilely, and orally; hypersexuality and visual agnosia
The Band of Gennari is located in ________.
the fourth layer of the occipital lobes
Cortical blindness is characterized by what on EEG?
absence of a-waves on EEG in the occipital waves
What is Anton’s syndrome?
an anosognosia; cortical blindness with an affected association area such that the patient denies that he or she is blind
What is Balint’s syndrome?
caused by a bilateral lesion in the parietooccipital cortices
Ocular ataxia and apraxia with normal extraocular function. Associated with inattention to the peripheral visual field and simultanagnosia
