Back Pain

Question 1

What nerve innervates the ligaments, periosteum, outer annulus, and facet capsule of the spine?

Answer 1

sinuvertebral nerve

Question 2

As we age, glycosaminoglycans in the nucleus pulposes is replaced by ___________.

Answer 2

collagen and elastin

Question 3

Lumbar disc disease is exacerbated by what movement?

Answer 3

flexion (increasing disc protrusion)

Question 4

Spondylosis and lumbar stenosis are exacerbated by what movement?

Answer 4

Extension (buckling of the ligamentum flavum)

Question 5

Where are the most common sites for disc disease in the lumbar spine?

Answer 5

L5-S1 (45-50%)

L4-L5 (40-45%)

Question 6

Where are the most common sites for disc disease in the cervical spine?

Answer 6

C6-C7 (70%)

C5-C6 (20%)

Question 7

Ankylosing is associated with HLA ____?

Answer 7

HLA B27

Question 8

Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with what other conditions?

Answer 8

Reiter’s syndrome, psoriasis, iritis, and inflammation of the intestines

Question 9

Ankylosing spondylitis leads to ______ deformity of the spine.

Answer 9

kyphotic

Question 10

What are the most common origins of spinal metastases?

Answer 10

breast, lung, thyroid, prostate, kidney, and multiple myeloma