Autonomic Diseases

Question 1

There are ______ cervical, ______ thoracic, and ______ lumbar sympathetic ganglia.

Answer 1

3 cervical

11 thoracic

4-6 lumbar

Question 2

What is the stellate ganglion?

Answer 2

sympathetic ganglion formed from fusion of inferior cervical and upper thoracic ganglia

supplies UE

Question 3

Postganglionic fibers are (myelinated/unmyelinated).

Answer 3

unmyelinated

Question 4

What is atropine’s MoA?

Answer 4

muscarinic receptor blocker (parasympathetic post ganglionic synapses are affected)

Question 5

What is the MoA of curare?

Answer 5

blocks nicotinic receptors (affects autonomic ganglia and NMJ)

Question 6

Which andrenergic alpha receptors are presynatpic and which ones are post synatpic?

Answer 6

a-1 are postsynaptic

a-2 are presynaptic

Question 7

What are crocodile tears? What causes it?

Answer 7

lacrimation from gustatory stimulation

if the CN VII parasympathetic fibers are injured, they may undergo aberrant regeneration with connections
of the fibers of the chorda tympani reaching the sphenopalatine ganglion

Question 8

What is the treatment for hyperhydrosis?

Answer 8

ablating T2-T3 symapthetic ganglia (leave T1 to prevent Horner’s)

Question 9

Sympathetic output to the bladder is through the _______ ganglion and ______ nerve.

Answer 9

inferior mesenteric ganglion and hypogastric nerve

Question 10

The external sphincter of the bladder and the anus is innervated by _________.

Answer 10

pudendal nerve

Question 11

The mictruition center is located in ________.

Answer 11

locus ceruleus

Question 12

LMN lesions to the bladder cause _______ and can be treated with _______.

Answer 12

atonic bladder, urinary retention, poor bladder contraction

bethanechol

Question 13

UMN lesions to the bladder cause _____ and can be treated with _______.

Answer 13

spastic bladder

ACh antagonists, propantheline, oxybutynin