Brain protection and Blood supply to the brain

Question 1

What forms the circle of willis

Answer 1

The branches of the ICA and the vertebral arteries coming into the cranial cavity

Question 2

Vertebral artier are a branch of what

Answer 2

The subclavian artery

Question 3

What is the pathway of the vertebral artery to supply the brain

Answer 3

The vertebral artier pass through the transverse process of the cervical vertebra and enter the skull through the foramen magnum to supply the brain

Question 4

What is the 4 branches of the internal carotid artery

Answer 4

Ophthalmic artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior communicating artery

Question 5

What connects the anterior cerebral artery

Answer 5

The anterior communicating artery

Question 6

What do the vertebral arteries join together to form

Answer 6

The basilar artery

Question 7

Where is the basil artery formed

Answer 7

On the ventral surface of the brain stem

Question 8

When does the basilar artery end

Answer 8

At the level of the midbrain

Question 9

What does the basilar artery divide to from

Answer 9

2 posterior cerebral arteries

Question 10

What does the posterior cerebral arteries join with

Answer 10

the posterior communicating artery

Question 11

What does the linkage of all the cerebral arteries create,

Answer 11

The circle of willis - a reservoir at the base of the brain

Question 12

What is the clinical significance of the circle of willis

Answer 12

Always enough blood through resevioir to ensure different part of the brain gets blood supply, therefore brain won’t suffer as easily form ischaemia due to compensation of circle of willis

Question 13

Where is a stroke likely to occur in the brain

Answer 13

Distal to the end of the circle of willis as arteries become end-arteries

Question 14

What supplies the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere (excluding occipital lobe)

Answer 14

Anterior cerebral artery

Question 15

What supplies the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere

Answer 15

Middle cerebral artery

Question 16

What supplies the inferior aspect of the cerebral hemisphere and occipital lobe

Answer 16

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 17

What is the middle cerebral artery in direct contact with

Answer 17

The internal carotid arteyr

Question 18

Where do venous sinuses lie

Answer 18

Between layers of dura matter - that cover the intermitter of the skull

Question 19

The dura venous sinuses join together where

Answer 19

At the transverse sinus

Question 20

Where does the transverse sinus drain into

Answer 20

The sigmoid sinus then the internal jugular vein

Question 21

Where is the superior sagittal sinus found

Answer 21

In the upper boarder of the falx cerebri

Question 22

Where is the inferior sagittal sinus found

Answer 22

Running below the lower boarder of the falx cerebra

Question 23

What is the 4 folds of dura matter found in the cranial cavity

Answer 23

Falx cerebri
tentoreum cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
Diphragma sellae

Question 24

What is found in the subdural space

Answer 24

Potential space which is transferred by blood vessels penetrating in to the CNS

Question 25

What is features of pia matter

Answer 25

Vascularised and dips into the folds of the brain

Question 26

What is the purpose of the blood brain barrier

Answer 26

Is a protective mechanism that helps maintain a stable environment for the brain and prevents harmful amino acids & ions present in the bloodstream and blood cells from entering the brain

Question 27

What three features form the blood brain barrier

Answer 27

Tight endothelium junction

Thick basal lamia

Foot processes of astrocytes

Question 28

Where is the blood brain barrier absent in the brain

Answer 28

In the cicrumventricular organs:

Part of the hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary

Question 29

How does the blood brain barrier affect the delivery of drugs to the CNS

Answer 29

Drugs for the CNS have to either be lipid soluble or use suitable vectors

Question 30

What makes up the menges of the brain

Answer 30

Dura matter
arachnoid matter
Pia matter

Question 31

What dura fold surrounds the pituitary stalk

Answer 31

Diaphragma sellae

Question 32

What dura fold separates the two cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 32

Falx cerebelli

Question 33

What dura fold separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Answer 33

Falx cerebri

Question 34

What does the dura fold of the tentorium cerebelli separate

Answer 34

occipital lobes and cerebellum