Autonomic nervous system

Question 1

In the eye activation of the sympathetic system causes

Answer 1

Contraction of the radial muscle of the iris -pupil dilates (alpha receptors)

Relaxation of the ciliary muscle surrounding the lens (beta 2 receptors)

Question 2

Eye drops used to dilate the pupil of the eye will contain

Answer 2

alpha agonist - cause radial muscle contraction of iris (dilate pupil)
muscarinic antagonist - prevent ciliary muscle contraction (relax ciliary muscles)

Question 3

In the heart, parasympathetic activation causes

Answer 3

The release of acetylcholine

Decreases heart rate

Question 4

In blood vessels activation of parasympathetic nerve results in what

Answer 4

Nothing, as don’t have control over blood vessels

Question 5

In blood vessels activation of sympathetic nerve causes

Answer 5

vasoconstriction - the release of noradrenaline

Question 6

In blood vessels, activation of the sympathetic system causes vasodilation because

Answer 6

They express beta 2 receptors - let smooth muscle relax

Question 7

When does vasodilation occur over vasoconstriction

Answer 7

When there is more beta 2 receptors expressed then alpha receptors

Question 8

In the lung, activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system causes

Answer 8

Symp- Relaxation of smooth muscle bronchi -allows more oxygen into the lungs

Para - Constriction of bronchi

Question 9

What output do sympathetic nerves have

Answer 9

thoracic lumbar outflow

Question 10

Where are sympathetic ganglia located

Answer 10

paravertebral

Question 11

What cranial nerve contain parasympathetic outflow

Answer 11

Oculomotor:

• Pupil constriction
• Ciliary muscleaccommodation of the lens

Facial - innervation of submandibular &; sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose & palate

Glossopharyngeal - innervation of parotid gland

Vagus -innervation muscle in bronchi, gut, heart

Question 12

The symapthetic system the synapse between what pre and post ganglionic cells, then postganglionic cells and target organ

Answer 12

Cholinergeric on Nicotinic receptor

Adrenergic on adrenergic receptor

Question 13

Parasympathetic system the synpase between what pre and post ganglionic

Answer 13

Cholinergeric on Nicotinic receptor

Question 14

In the parasympathetic system the synapse between the post ganglionic cells and their target is

Answer 14

Cholinergeric on muscarinic receptor

Question 15

What is 4 features of post ganglionic cells in the adrenal medulla

Answer 15

release adrenaline
have no axons
part os the sympathetic sysem
contribute to mass activation -

Question 16

What receptors does adrenaline and noradrenaline act on

Answer 16

adrenergic receptors:

alpha and beta receptors

Question 17

Where is parasympathetic outflow

Answer 17

CN III, VII, IX, X

Sacral nerves S2,3,4 = pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 18

What is the affect of parasympathetic on the gut

Answer 18

Stomach - stimulate digestion

Liver - stimulates release of bile

Intestine - stimulates peristalsis and secretion

Question 19

What is the para and sympathetic affect on the bladder

Answer 19

P - Constricts bladder

S - Relaxes bladder

Question 20

What is the affects of sympathetic on the kidney

Answer 20

stimulate epinephrine and norepinephrine release

Question 21

What is the length of pre and post ganglionic neurones in parasympathetic

Answer 21

Long pre ganglionic

Short post ganglionic

Question 22

What is the length of pre and post ganglionic neurones in sympathetic

Answer 22

Short preganglionic
Long postganglionic

(paravertebral)

Question 23

What does pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate

Answer 23

parasympathetic innervation to the bladder