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Human Anatomy > Brain and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

telencephalon and diencephalon

A

prosencephalon

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2
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebrum

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3
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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4
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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5
Q

rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

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6
Q

metencephalon

A

cerebellum and pons

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7
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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8
Q

brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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9
Q

involved in motor learning; can take over practiced motor actions in subconscious manner

A

cerebellum

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10
Q

ventricles

A

two lateral, 3rd, and 4th

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11
Q

ventricle located between the 2 thalami

A

3rd

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12
Q

ventricle between the pons and cerebellum

A

4th

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13
Q

passageway between the lateral and 3rd vesicles

A

interventricular foramen

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14
Q

passageway between the 3rd and 4th ventricles

A

cerebral aqueduct

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15
Q

layers protecting brain (from most superficial to most deep):

A

hair, scalp, galea aponeurotica (allows scalp to move), periosteum, skull (most protective), dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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16
Q

internal layer of periosteum

A

endosteal dura mater

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17
Q

dips into fissure, creating double layer (falx cerebri)

A

meningeal dura mater

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18
Q

space between layers of dura mater; excess CSF empties into this space

A

dural sinus

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19
Q

separates left and right cerebral hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

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20
Q

leak excess CSF into dural sinus, which returns to venous blood system

A

arachnoid villi

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21
Q

flow of CSF:

A

choroid plexus (lining of ependymal cells that produce CSF), ventricles (lateral to 3rd to 4th), subarachnoid space, arachnoid villi, dural sinuses, venous blood supply (via internal jugular veins)

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22
Q

vascular structure that produces CSF

A

choroid plexus

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23
Q

CSF crosses the arachnoid membrane via the ___ to enter the venous circulation

A

arachnoid villi

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24
Q

superficial gray matter in the cerebrum

A

cortex

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25
Q

gray matter deep in the cerebrum that controls muscle tone and coordinates movement patterns

A

basal ganglia

26
Q

gray matter in the cerebrum that relays all sensation except olfaction

A

thalamus

27
Q

The ___ lobe of the cerebrum includes the primary motor gyrus

A

frontal

28
Q

The limbic system produces ____.

A

emotions

29
Q

part of the brainstem responsible for visual reflex

A

superior colliculi

30
Q

part of the brainstem responsible for auditory reflex

A

inferior colliculi

31
Q

cranial nerve that supplies the face with sensation

A

trigeminal

32
Q

cranial nerve that stimulates digestive organs

A

vagus

33
Q

cranial nerve responsible for the motor response in the corneal reflex

A

facial

34
Q

cranial nerve that provides movement of the tongue

A

hypoglossal

35
Q

cranial nerve that provides taste

A

glossopharyngeal

36
Q

structures responsible for creating emotions

A

limbic system

37
Q

tract for proprioception

A

spinocerebellar

38
Q

motor speech area of the cerebrum

A

Broca’s

39
Q

damage to this nucleus can produce coma

A

reticular formation

40
Q

spinal cord tract carrying fine touch and pressure from the LE to the cerebral cortex

A

fasiculus gracilis

41
Q

spinal cord tract carrying pain and temperature from the body to the cerebral cortex

A

spinothalmic

42
Q

spinal cord tract carrying only proprioception from the body to the cerebellum

A

spinocerebellum

43
Q

spinal cord tract carrying fine touch and pressure from the UE to the cerebrum

A

fasiculus cuneatus

44
Q

spinal cord tract beginning in the cerebral cortex that descends through the brainstem into the spinal cord to provide conscious control of skeletal muscles

A

corticospinal

45
Q

extrapyramidal spinal cord tract that subconsciously controls reflexive movements of the head and neck

A

spinotectal

46
Q

group of motor disorders resulting from lack of oxygen during fetal development

A

cerebral palsy

47
Q

part of the brain that coordinates complex motor patterns and is involved in motor learning

A

cerebellum

48
Q

part of the brain involved in rhythmic patterns such as swinging the arms during walking

A

basal ganglia

49
Q

An injury to the medial part of the cerebral cortex would affect the ___ part of the body.

A

lower

50
Q

The left side of the cererebrum controls ____ functions

A

language

51
Q

What functional area of the cerebrum produces written and spoken language?

A

Broca’s

52
Q

cerebral area responsible for motivation, reason and “predictiong the future consequences of events and actions”

A

prefrontal

53
Q

What is “predicting the future consequences of events and actions”?

A

judgement

54
Q

functional area of the cerebrum responsible for understanding speech and reading

A

Wernicke’s

55
Q

the inability to speak

A

productive aphasia

56
Q

inability to speak or understand speech

A

global aphasia

57
Q

system responsible for maintaining consciousness

A

RAS (reticular activating system)

58
Q

the reticular formation is located in the ____

A

brainstem

59
Q

Damage to the reticular formation can result in ___.

A

coma

60
Q

between frontal and temporal lobe; associated with taste and smell

A

insula

61
Q

superior and inferior colliculi are part of the ____

A

corpora quadrigemina

62
Q

cranial nerves and functions:

A

Human Anatomy (24 decks)

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