Axial Skeleton

Question 1

consists of cranium (skull), backbone, and ribs; serves primarily to protect CNS

Answer 1

axial skeleton

Question 2

The skull is part of the ____ skeleton.

Answer 2

axial

Question 3

number of bones in skull; number of immovable bones

Answer 3

22; 21

Question 4

the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, vomer, mandible, and occipital bones of the skull are…

Answer 4

unilateral (unpaired)

Question 5

The ____ is an unpaired bone of the skull that contains the foramen magnum.

Answer 5

occipital

Question 6

The ____ is the lower jaw.

Answer 6

mandible

Question 7

The palatine and the ____ form the hard palate.

Answer 7

maxilla

Question 8

The superior and middle nasal conchae are part of the ____.

Answer 8

ethmoid

Question 9

The mastoid process is part of the ____ bone.

Answer 9

temporal

Question 10

The spinal cord passes through the ____ of the skull.

Answer 10

foramen magnum

Question 11

articulations between bones of the skull

Answer 11

sutures

Question 12

The ___ suture forms a joint between the frontal bone and the parietal bones.

Answer 12

coronal

Question 13

Extra pieces of bone inside the sutures are ___ bones.

Answer 13

sutural

Question 14

pairs of spaces in bones, named after bone space is in, lined with epithelium that produces mucous, decrease weight of skull, resonate voice

Answer 14

paranasal sinuses

Question 15

The frontal, and maxillary bones contain spaces called _____.
also contained in ethmoidal and sphenoidal bones

Answer 15

paranasal sinuses

Question 16

what do the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine bones have in common

Answer 16

seven bones of orbit

Question 17

these protect the eyes; well protected because we rely heavily on the eyes as sensory objects

Answer 17

seven bones of orbit

Question 18

The ____ bone forms part of the orbit and has a superciliary arch.

Answer 18

frontal

Question 19

differences in bone structure between sexes;
males - skull is angular and rough and bones are thicker;
females - skull is more curved, smoother, and lighter

Answer 19

sexual dimorphism

Question 20

tiny bones (1-2 mm) in petrous portion of the temporal bone responsible for vibrations allowing us to hear

Answer 20

auditory ossicles

Question 21

The mallus, incus and stapes are the _____.

Answer 21

auditory ossicles

Question 22

areas where the brain is protected only by thin membrane, no bone; allow the brain to grow; often called “soft spots”

Answer 22

fontanels

Question 23

only movable bone of the skull

Answer 23

mandible

Question 24

The ____ bone does not articulate with other bones.
inferior and posterior to mandible in top of neck, purpose is attachment of muscles for speaking and swallowing with the tongue; broken in about 80% of strangulations

Answer 24

hyoid

Question 25

vertebrae with transverse foramina (foramen plural); labeled C1 - C7 starting from the top

Answer 25

cervical vertebrae

Question 26

number of cervical vertebrae

Answer 26

seven

Question 27

vertebrae that is just a ring, no body, and articulates superiorly with the occipital bone

Answer 27

C1 (atlas)

Question 28

vertebrae that allows rotational movement of neck and articulates primarily with C1; contains the dens on superior surface that allows rotation

Answer 28

C2 (axis)

Question 29

structure on superior surface of C2 (axis) cervical vertebrae that allows rotation of the neck

Answer 29

dens

Question 30

vertebrae that all have 2-3 costal facets on body and transverse processes (where ribs articulate), have heart shaped bodies

Answer 30

thoracic vertebrae

Question 31

Ribs articulate with ____ vertebrae.

Answer 31

thoracic

Question 32

made up of manubrium, body of sternum, and xiphoid process; site for attachments for cartilage from ribs

Answer 32

sternum

Question 33

___ ribs do not articulate with sternal cartilage.

Answer 33

floating

Question 34

number of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 34

twelve

Question 35

vertebrae that lack costal facets and contain triangular vertebral foramen, oval shaped bodies

Answer 35

lumbar vertebrae

Question 36

number of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 36

five

Question 37

vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum

Answer 37

sacral vertebrae

Question 38

Five sacral vertebrae fuse to form the ____.

Answer 38

sacrum

Question 39

number or sacral vertebrae

Answer 39

five

Question 40

vertebrae that attach to distal/inferior end of sacrum, first one has unique shape while other three look like simple pebbles and are just used for attachment of muscles of pelvis

Answer 40

coccygeal vertebrae

Question 41

number of coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 41

four

Question 42

The ___ vertebral curvature is present when an infant is born.

Answer 42

thoracic/sacral

Question 43

The ___ vertebral curvature develops when an infant begins to raise its head.

Answer 43

cervical

Question 44

The ___ vertebral curvature develops when an infant begins to stand.

Answer 44

lumbar

Question 45

abnormal thoracic curvature, possibly from vertebrae damage, often associated with osteoporosis, more common in post-menopausal females due to lack of estrogen, results in inability to straighten vertebrae (stand up straight)

Answer 45

kyphosis

Question 46

An exaggerated vertebral curvature in the lumbar area is ____.
hunchback from weak abdominal muscles or quick weight gain

Answer 46

lordosis

Question 47

abnormal exaggerated lateral posterior curvature, often genetic, typically found in females

Answer 47

scoliosis

Question 48

___ is an abnormal vertebral curvature present in all humans.

Answer 48

scoliosis

Question 49

fibrocartilage pads between vertebrae, help protect vertebrae from each other, “inter” means between

Answer 49

intervertebral discs