Axial Muscles

Question 1

how are muscles grouped

Answer 1

by nerve supply

Question 2

supplied by facial nerve (cranial nerve (CN) VII)

Answer 2

facial muscles

Question 3

circular muscle around lips, helps close lips (not open), unilateral

Answer 3

orbicularis oris

Question 4

any kind of circular shaped muscle used for opening

Answer 4

sphincter

Question 5

circular muscles attached under eye lids, help close eye lids (not open), bilateral

Answer 5

orbicularis oculi

Question 6

attaches to zygomatic bone and angle of mouth, elevates angles/corners of mouth (smile), bilateral

Answer 6

zygomaticus major

Question 7

under skin of forehead, come down to eyebrow, elevates eyebrows when it contracts/shortens, bilateral

Answer 7

frontalis

Question 8

attaches to angles of mouth, depresses angles/corners of mouth (frown), bilateral

Answer 8

depressor anguli oris

Question 9

attaches to lower lips, pulls down (pouting), bilateral

Answer 9

depressor labii

Question 10

attaches to lower lip, pulls down lower lip (pouting and frowning)

Answer 10

mentalis

Question 11

attaches to upper lip, elevates upper lip

Answer 11

levator labii

Question 12

elevates/opens eye lid, but not facial muscle because not supplied by facial nerve

Answer 12

levator palpebrae

Question 13

outside of eyeball, four rectus muscles, two oblique muscles, each helps pull eye in different direction

Answer 13

extraoccular muscles

Question 14

pulls eye up

Answer 14

superior rectus

Question 15

pulls eye laterally (away from midline)

Answer 15

lateral rectus

Question 16

pulls eye toward midline (toward nose)

Answer 16

medial rectus

Question 17

pulls eye down

Answer 17

inferior rectus

Question 18

pulls eye down, more diagonal, attaches to back of eye

Answer 18

superior oblique

Question 19

pulls eye up, more diagonal, attaches to back of eye

Answer 19

inferior oblique

Question 20

for chewing, some are not supplied by facial nerve

Answer 20

muscles of mastication

Question 21

on temporal bone area, helps elevate/close jaw (biting)

Answer 21

temporalis action

Question 22

attaches to zygomatic bone and angle of mandible, helps elevate/close jaw (biting)

Answer 22

masseter action

Question 23

attached to pterygoid plate, helps elevate/close jaw (biting)

Answer 23

medial pterygoid

Question 24

attached to pterygoid plate, evolutionary change in mammals, allows us to open jaw (depress mandible) under pressure to maintain control and allows side to side and forward movement of mandible

Answer 24

lateral pterygoid

Question 25

bilateral, attach to genial tubercle, form the tongue

Answer 25

tongue muscles (genioglossus)

Question 26

muscles of pharynx (throat)

Answer 26

pharyngeal constrictors

Question 27

on either side of neck, used bilaterally to flex neck or bend chin down, used unilaterally to turn head to the side

Answer 27

sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Question 28

elevate hyoid bone during speaking or swallowing

Answer 28

suprahyoid muscles

Question 29

depress/pull down hyoid bone during speaking or swallowing

Answer 29

infrahyoid muscles

Question 30

helps erect/straighten spine (vertebral column)

Answer 30

erector spinae muscles

Question 31

most lateral erector spinae muscle, attaches to ilium and ribs

Answer 31

iliocostalis

Question 32

longest erector spinae muscle, attaches to ilium and mastoid process, helps rotate head

Answer 32

longissimus

Question 33

most medial erector spinae muscle, attaches to adjacent spinal processes

Answer 33

spinalis

Question 34

four muscles, help flex vertebral column (bend over) and compress abdominal contents

Answer 34

abdominal muscles

Question 35

line of connective tissue in midline that the external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominus insert into

Answer 35

linea alba

Question 36

abdominal muscle running from xiphoid process to pubic bone, has tendinous intersections running though it, only one that doesn't wrap from back and attach to linea alba

Answer 36

rectus abdominus

Question 37

abdominal muscle with fibers running down and medially, wraps from back to front and inserts into linea alba

Answer 37

external abdominal oblique

Question 38

abdominal muscle with fibers running up and medially, wraps from back to front and inserts into linea alba

Answer 38

internal abdominal oblique

Question 39

deepest layer of abdominal muscles, wraps from back to front and inserts into linea alba

Answer 39

transversus abdominus

Question 40

a respiratory muscle, separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities, used for breathing, fibers converge to central tendon in middle, concave when relaxed, flattens when contracted (allowing for larger volume of air), supplied by spinal nerve C3-C5, contains three hiatuses for aorta, esophagus, and vena cava to pass through

Answer 40

diaphragm

Question 41

group of muscles that attach to coxal bone, support pelvic organs

Answer 41

levator ani

Question 42

group of muscles (including ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perin) that form base to anchor external genitalia

Answer 42

perineum muscles