Bovine Respiratory Disease - BRD

Question 1

Causes of BRD - three main factors

Answer 1

• Stress
• Viral
• Bacterial

Question 2

One of the most stressful events in a cows life, during which passive immunity goes down and adaptive immunity goes up, is at _____.

Answer 2

Weaning

Question 3

Hypopnea

Answer 3

abnormally slow or shallow breathing

Question 4

Hemoptysis

Answer 4

Coughing up blood

Question 5

A ___-fold rise in antibody titer is a good indication of viral infection.

Answer 5

four

Question 6

T/F: Bronchial sounds are normally heard over the thorax in resting animals.

Answer 6

False (may be heard over the hilar region in normal animals that are breathing hard after exercise)

Question 7

Bronchial breath sounds consist of a full ____ and ____ phase, with the ____ phase usually being louder.

Answer 7

inspriatory and expiratory; inspiratory

Question 8

Bronchial sounds heard over the thorax suggest lung ____ and pulmonary ____.

Answer 8

consolidation; disease

Question 9

Sound travels better through tissue than air. If no air is moving through the airways due to consolidation, we will hear quiet sounds. If air is moving int he presence of lung consolidation, then the sound will be _____.

Answer 9

Amplified

Question 10

Bronchial breath sounds are NORMALLY heard over the ___ and ____.

Answer 10

trachea and larynx

Question 11

Bronchovesicular sounds consist of a full _____ phase with a shortened, and softer ____ phase.

Answer 11

Inspriatory; expiratory

Question 12

Bronchovesciular sounds are heard over the ___ region in most resting animals and should be quieter than the ____ breath sounds.

Answer 12

Hilar; tracheal

Question 13

In sheep,goats,llamas, and alpacas, bronchovesicular sounds may be heard throughout the full lung field and are often ____ than treacheal breath sounds.

Answer 13

Louder

Question 14

Increased intesnity of bronchovesicular sounds is most often associated with _______ or ______.

Answer 14

Increased ventilation

Pulmonary consolidation

Question 15

Vesicular breath sounds consist of a quiet, wispy ____ phase followed by a short, almost silent ____ phase.

Answer 15

Inspriatory; expiratory

Question 16

Vesicular sounds are heard over the _____ of the lung field.

Answer 16

Periphery

Question 17

Vesicular sounds are NOT produced by the air moving through the terminal bronchiols and alveoli, but rather are the result of ______ of breath sounds produced in the bronchi at the ___ region of hte lungs.

Answer 17

Attenuation; hilar

Question 18

Vesicular sounds may be absent or silent in the periphery of normal resting animals, and are highly variable in intesnsity depending on species, ventilation, and body condition. However, increased intesnity may be associated with ______.

Answer 18

Pulmonary consolidation

Question 19

T/F: Bronchial breath sounds over the trachea and larynx, bronchovesciarul sounds over the hilar region, and vesicular sounds in the periphery of the lung field are all abnormal lung sounds.

Answer 19

False - all are normal!

Question 20

Cause of crackles

Answer 20

• Accumulation of secretions within the airway lumen
• Airway collapse caused by pressure from inflammation or edema in surrounding pulmonary tissue

Question 21

Crackles can be heard on inspiration from intrathoracic ____ pressure opening the airways, or on expiration from thoracic ____ pressure forcing collapsed or blocked airways open.

Answer 21

Negative; positive

Question 22

Crackles are more commonly heard during: inspriatoin or expriation?

Answer 22

Inspiration

Question 23

Wheezes are continuous musical tones that are most commonly heard at the end of ____ or early _____.

Answer 23

Inspiration; expiration

Question 24

Wheezes result as a collapsed airway lumen gradually opens during ____ or gradually closes during _____.

Answer 24

Inspiration; expiration

Question 25

Wheezes are classified as high pitch when coming from the ___ airways; or low pitched when coming from the ____ airways.

Answer 25

Smaller; larger

Question 26

Wheezes imply decreased airway lumen diameter due to:

Answer 26

• Either from thickening of reactive airawy walls
• Or collapse of airways due to pressure form surrounding pulmonary disease

Question 27

Stridor are intesne continuous monophonic sheezes heard loudest over _____ airways.

Answer 27

Extrathoracic

Question 28

Stridor can often be heard without the aid of a _____.

Answer 28

Stethoscope

Question 29

Stridor is significant and indicates ____ airway obstruction.

Answer 29

Upper

Question 30

Great antemortem respriatory diagnostics of BRD are:

Answer 30

TTW and BAL

Question 31

EDTA impedes which two tests:

Answer 31

PCR and virus isolation

Question 32

Respiratory disease is a ____ disease with ____ origins.

Answer 32

feedlot; with cow/calf origins