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Certified Sommelier - Court Sommelier > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

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1
Q

Red Varietals Allowed in Bordeaux (6)

A

Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmenere

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2
Q

White Varietals Allowed in Bordeaux (7)

A

Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle
Ugni Blanc
Colombard
Merlot Blanc
Sauvignon Gris

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3
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux

A

Moderate Maritime
The Atlantic Ocean and Gironde Estuary moderate temperatures
Rainfall year-round
More continental inland toward St. Emilion and Pomerol

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4
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Bordeaux

A

Merlot

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5
Q

What is a “Chateau” in Bordeaux

A

Estate under single ownership

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6
Q

What is a “Courtier” in Bordeaux

A

A broker of wine
Acts as a middleman between the Chateaux and merchants

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7
Q

What are En Primeur Sales in Bordeaux

A

Futures

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8
Q

What is a Negociant in Bordeaux

A

Intermediary that purchases fruit or wine in barrel to age and bottle under their own label
Influence faded after WWII

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9
Q

What is the soil in Medoc and Northern Graves

A

Gravel

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10
Q

What is the soil type in St. Emilion

A

Gravel over limestone

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11
Q

What is the soil type in Pomerol

A

Iron pan under sand/gravel and clay

Chateau Petrus is located on a button of clay

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12
Q

What are the rivers of Bordeaux

A

Gironde Estuary
Garonne (left bank)
Dordogne (right bank)

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13
Q

What are the grapes of the left bank blends

A

Cabernet Sauvignon (70%)
Merlot (30%)
Minor (Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Carmenere)

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14
Q

What are the grapes of the right bank blends

A

Merlot (70%)
Cabernet Franc (25%)
Cabernet Sauvignon/others (5%)

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15
Q

Explain aging in Bordeaux

A

Top Chateaux will often age red wines for up to two years in barriques (225L)
A large % of new oak is used each new vintage

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16
Q

What are the generic Bordeaux appellations (3)

A

Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux Superieur AOC
Cremant de Bordeaux AOC

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17
Q

1855 Classification First Growths (5)

A

Chateau Lafite-Rothschild (Pauillac)
Chateau Mouton-Rothschild (Pauillac)
Chateau Latour (Pauillac)
Chateau Margaux (Margaux)
Chateau Haut-Brion (Graves)

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18
Q

What is the 1855 Classification

A

Created in 1855 and still stands today
61 chateaux ranked with 5 growths
Only the left bank was rated
Based on historical marketplace prices and demand, not on quality

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19
Q

Pomerol major Chateaux (5)

A

Petrus
Vieux Chateau Certan
Chateau Lefleur
Chateau Latour a Pomerol
Chateau Trotanoy

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20
Q

What are the primary varietals in Listrac and Moulis

A

Cabernet Sauvignon (majority)
Merlot
Cabernet Franc

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21
Q

What is Medoc AOC

A

Bas-Medoc
Upper 3rd of region
Used by Chateaux that do not qualify for precise appellation
Merlot is dominant

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22
Q

What is Haut-Medoc AOC

A

Left bank
Well drained gravel soils
Cabernet Sauvignon dominates the blends

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23
Q

Haut-Medoc major communes (6)

A

St. Estephe
Pauillac
St. Julien
Margaux
Listrac-Medoc
Moulis-en-Medoc

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24
Q

St. Estephe

A

Left bank
Larger percentage of Merlot in blends due to more clay amongst gravel
No 1st growths
Super 2nd - Cos d’Estournel

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25
Q

Pauillac

A

Left bank
Power and finesse
Gravel topsoil is at its deepest
3 of the 5 1st growths

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26
Q

St. Julien

A

Left bank
Elegant wines
80% is Cru Classe
No 1st growths
5 2nd growths
2 super 2nds: Chateau Leoville Las Cases and Chateaux Ducru-Beaucaillou

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27
Q

Margaux

A

Left bank
Largest in Haut-Medoc
5 villages
21 classified growths
1 first growth
Wines said to be feminine with floral and exotic characteristics

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28
Q

What are Listrac-Medoc and Moulis-en-Medoc

A

Lesser left bank appellations without classified growths

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29
Q

Medoc highly rated vintages (11)

A

1945, 1961, 1982, 1989, 1990, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2005, 2009, 2010

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30
Q

Soil type in Graves

A

Gravel
Boulbenes (mixture of sand, gravel, and clay) in the south

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31
Q

Graves wine styles

A

Red and white

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32
Q

Graves classifications

A

13 estates classified as cru classe for red
9 estates classified as cru classe for white
Chateau Haut-Brion retains 1st growth status

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33
Q

Pessac-Leognan

A

Prestigious appellation for both red and white

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34
Q

Explain the sweet white wines of Graves

A

All sweet wines can be labeled Graves Superieur
3 smaller appellations (Cerons, Barsac, Sauternes)
Wines produced with Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscadelle
Botrytis affected

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35
Q

What is the geography of Sauternes

A

Located at conflux of Ciron and Garonne rivers
Cool morning mists from Ciron and warmer waters of Garonne creates humidity for development of Botrytis

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36
Q

Classification system in Sauternes

A

Created in 1855
3 levels:
Second growths, first growths, and one Premier Cru Superieur (Chateau d’Yquem)

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37
Q

Right bank appellations (2)

A

Pomerol
St. Emilion

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38
Q

St. Emilion

A

Right bank
Merlot and Cabernet Franc dominated blends

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39
Q

St. Emilion Classification

A

Created in 1955
Split into 3 levels:
Premier Grand Cru Classe A
Premier Grand Cru Classe B
Grand Cru Classe
Reassessed every 10 years (most recently in 2022)

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40
Q

Satellite appellations for St. Emilion (4)

A

Lussac
St. Georges
Montagne
Puisseguin

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41
Q

Describe Pomerol

A

No classification
Merlot does well in clay based soil
Chateau Petrus is most famous

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42
Q

Neighboring red wine districts of Pomerol (3)

A

Fronsac
Canon-Fronsac
Lalande-de-Pomerol

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43
Q

What are Bourg and Blaye

A

Oldest vineyards in Bordeaux
Predominantly red wines
Consolidated as part of Cotes de Bordeaux AOC in 2008

44
Q

Entre-deux-Mers

A

Land between 2 seas
Lies between Garonne and Dordogne
Dry white wines

45
Q

What protects the Medoc from harsh west and northwesterly winds

A

Les Landes Forest

46
Q

What is Clairet

A

Deeply colored rose (between rose and red)

47
Q

What is the French word for blend

A

Assemblage

48
Q

What is encepagement

A

The makeup of grape varieties in the vineyard (or blend)

49
Q

What is the name of the drainage channels that prevent the Medoc from reverting into a marsh

A

Jalles

50
Q

Name 2 designations that designate quality in Bordeaux

A

Cru Borgeois
Cru Artisan

51
Q

What is Cru Bourgeois

A

Reinstated in 2008
Designates quality outside of 1855 classification
Chateaux must apply regularly and submit wines to blind tastings

52
Q

Why is blending so important in Bordeaux

A

Vintage variation due to unpredictable weather, especially rainfall
By planting different varieties that each bud, flower, and ripen at different times, it ensures that one bad storm will not ruin the entire crop
Blending also brings consistency and balance year after year

53
Q

What are the Premier Grand Cru Classe A of St. Emilion (2)

A

2022
Château Figeac
Chateau Pavie

2012
Chateau Cheval Blanc
Chateau Ausone
Chateau Angelus
Chateau Pavie

54
Q

What is the French term for Noble Rot/Botrytis Cinerea

A

Pourriture Noble

55
Q

What are the 2 rivers of Sauternes

A

Ciron
Garonne

56
Q

Tries

A

Picking grapes at different times (multiple passes)
Typically for Botrytis affected grapes that ripen unevenly

57
Q

When was Y’grec first made

A

1959
Dry
Labeled as Bordeaux AOP or Bordeaux Superieur AOP

58
Q

Villages of Sauternes (5)

A

Sauternes
Barsac
Fargues
Bommes
Preignac

59
Q

Where do you find Cotes and Graves soil in Bordeaux

A

St. Emilion
Cotes = Limestone
Graves = Gravel

60
Q

Another name for Cabernet Franc in Pomerol

A

Bouchet

61
Q

Villages of Margaux (5)

A

Arsac
Cantenac
Margaux
Soussons
Labarde

62
Q

How does Chateaux Figeac differ from the rest

A

Cabernet Sauvignon as dominant grape

Promoted to Premier Grand Cru Classé A in 2022

63
Q

What types of wine are produced in St. Emilion AOC

A

Red only

64
Q

Sweet white wine appellations located east of Sauternes (3)

A

Cadillac
Loupiac
Saint Croix du Mont

65
Q

What is the difference in style between Cotes de Blaye and Blaye

A

Cote de Blaye produces dry white wines from Ugni Blanc and Colombard

Blaye produces dry red wines

66
Q

What is Pressac

A

Term for Malbec in the right bank

67
Q

What is the INAO

A

Institut National des Appellations d’Origine
Created in 1935
Delimits and enforces appellation system

68
Q

What size are barriques

A

225L

69
Q

What is boulbenes and where is it found

A

Mixture of sand, clay and gravel
Graves

70
Q

What is millerandage

A

Irregular fruit set
Can be caused by rain and low temperatures during flowering

71
Q

What is in Bordeaux Mixture

A

Lime, Copper Sulphate, and water
Used to prevent fungal disease

72
Q

When were Cru Exceptionelle and Cru Bourgeois Superieur eliminated

A

2008

73
Q

Name 3 super seconds

A

Cos d’Estournel (St. Estephe)
Leoville de Cases (St. Julien)
Ducru Beaucaillou (St. Julien)

74
Q

Communes of Pessac Leognan (8)

A

Merignac
Talence
Pessac
Gradignan
Villenave d’Ornon
Cadaujac
Leognan
Martillac
north to south

75
Q

First estate to be established in Bordeaux

A

Pape Clement (Graves)

76
Q

Garagistes

A

Right bank producers who produce small batches of wine and spare no expense
Microchateau

77
Q

Villages of Pomerol (2)

A

Pomerol
Lisborne

78
Q

Which two Chateaux from the 1855 classification are still family owned

A

Mouton-Rothschild
Leoville Barton

79
Q

Why is there such a swing in price from one vintage to another in Bordeaux

A

The unpredictable climate and weather variations in Bordeaux resulting in vintage variation

80
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape in Bordeaux

A

Semillon

81
Q

Can you blend white and red wine together to make rose wine in Bordeaux

A

NO

82
Q

True or False:
Rose production in Bordeaux goes through more than 12 hours maceration

A

False

83
Q

What is a chai in Bordeaux

A

Term for the place where wine filled barriques are stored

84
Q

What was the only change ever made to the 1855 classification

A

Chateau Mouton-Rothschild was elevated to first growth status in 1973

85
Q

What grape in Bordeaux is most likely to be affected by Botrytis

A

Semillon

86
Q

How many Chateaux were classified in the 1855 classification

A

61

87
Q

How many communes are in the Medoc

A

16

88
Q

2022 - How Many Premier Crus Classés & How Many Grand Crus Classés in Saint Emilion?

A

14 premiers grands crus classés (2 classified A)

71 grands crus classés

89
Q

2022 - Name the Premier Crus Classes of Saint Emilion

A

Château FIGEAC (Classé A)
Château PAVIE (Classé A)

Château BEAU-SEJOUR BECOT
Château BEAUSEJOUR HERITIERS DUFFAU LAGARROSSE
Château BELAIR MONANGE
Château CANON
Château CANON LA GAFFELIERE
Château LARCIS DUCASSE
Château PAVIE MACQUIN
Château TROPLONG MONDOT
Château TROTTEVIEILLE
Château VALANDRAUD
CLOS FOURTET
LA MONDOTTE

90
Q

Former Grands Cru Classés withdrawn from the 2022 classification

A

Château Angélus (Former Premier Grand Cru Classe A)

Château Ausone (Former Premier Grand Cru Classe A)

Château Cheval-Blanc (Former Premier Grand Cru Classe A)

Château La Gaffelière (Former Premier Grand Cru Classe B)

91
Q

Cru Bourgeois 2020 Classification includes:

A

14 crus bourgeois exceptionnels

56 crus bourgeois supérieurs

179 crus bourgeois

92
Q

Superior First Growth
Classification of Sauternes (1855)

A

Château d’Yquem, Sauternes

93
Q

First Growths (Premiers Crus)
Classification of Sauternes (1855)

A

Château La Tour Blanche, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Lafaurie-Peyraguey, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Clos Haut-Peyraguey, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château de Rayne-Vigneau, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Suduiraut, Preignac (Sauternes)
Château Coutet, Barsac
Château Climens, Barsac
Château Guiraud, Sauternes
Château Rieussec, Fargues (Sauternes)
Château Rabaud-Promis, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Sigalas-Rabaud, Bommes (Sauternes)

94
Q

Second Growths (Deuxièmes Crus)
Classification of Sauternes (1855)

A

Château de Myrat, Barsac
Château Doisy Daëne, Barsac
Château Doisy-Dubroca, Barsac
Château Doisy-Védrines, Barsac
Château d’Arche, Sauternes
Château Filhot, Sauternes
Château Broustet, Barsac
Château Nairac, Barsac
Château Caillou, Barsac
Château Suau, Barsac
Château de Malle, Preignac (Sauternes)
Château Romer, Fargues (Sauternes)
Château Romer du Hayot, Fargues (Sauternes)
Château Lamothe, Sauternes
Château Lamothe-Guignard, Sauternes

95
Q

Classification of Graves (1959)
Red Wine (13)

A

Château Bouscaut (Cadaujac)
Château Carbonnieux (Leognan)
Domaine de Chevalier (Leognan)
Château de Fieuzal (Leognan)
Château Haut-Bailly (Leognan)
Château Haut-Brion (Pessac)
Château Latour-Martillac (Martillac)
Château Malartic-Lagravière (Leognan)
Château La Mission Haut-Brion (Talence)
Château Olivier (Leognan)
Château Pape-Clément (Pessac)
Château Smith-Haut-Lafitte (Martillac)
Château La Tour-Haut-Brion (Talence)

96
Q

Classification of Graves (1959)
White Wine (9)

A

Château Bouscaut
Château Carbonnieux
Domaine de Chevalier
Château Couhins (Villenave d’Ornon)
Château Couhins-Lurton (Villenave d’Ornon)
Château Latour-Martillac
Château Malartic-Lagravière
Château Laville-Haut-Brion (Talence)
Château Olivier

97
Q

First Growths (Premiers Crus)
1855 Classification of Bordeaux

A

Château Lafite Rothschild, Pauillac

Château Latour, Pauillac

Château Margaux, Margaux (Margaux)

Château Haut-Brion, Graves

Château Mouton Rothschild, Pauillac: Originally classified as a second growth, the estate was elevated in 1973.

98
Q

Second Growths (Deuxièmes Crus)
1855 Classification of Bordeaux

A

Château Cos d’Estournel, Saint-Estèphe
Château Montrose, Saint-Estèphe
Château Pichon Longueville Baron, Pauillac
Château Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande, Pauillac
Château Léoville-Las Cases, Saint-Julien
Château Léoville-Poyferré, Saint-Julien
Château Léoville Barton, Saint-Julien
Château Gruaud-Larose, Saint-Julien
Château Ducru-Beaucaillou, Saint-Julien
Château Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Durfort-Vivens, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Lascombes, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Brane-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)

99
Q

Third Growths (Troisièmes Crus)
1855 Classification of Bordeaux

A

Château Calon-Ségur, Saint-Estèphe
Château Lagrange, Saint-Julien
Château Langoa Barton, Saint-Julien
Château Malescot-Saint-Exupéry, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Desmirail, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Ferrière, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Marquis d’Alesme Becker, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Kirwan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château d’Issan, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Boyd-Cantenac, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Cantenac-Brown, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Palmer, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Giscours, Margaux (Labarde)
Château La Lagune, Haut-Medoc (Ludon)

100
Q

What is Chateau Haut-Brion’s second wine

A

Le Clarence de Haut-Brion

101
Q

Fourth Growths (Quatrièmes Crus)
1855 Classification of Bordeaux

A

Château Lafon-Rochet, Saint-Estèphe
Château Duhart-Milon-Rothschild, Pauillac
Château Saint-Pierre, Saint-Julien
Château Talbot, Saint-Julien
Château Branaire-Ducru, Saint-Julien
Château Beychevelle, Saint-Julien
Château Marquis de Terme, Margaux (Margaux)
Château Pouget, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château Prieuré-Lichine, Margaux (Cantenac)
Château La Tour Carnet, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)

102
Q

Fifth Growths (Cinquièmes Crus)
1855 Classification of Bordeaux

A

Château Cos Labory, Saint-Estèphe
Château Pontet-Canet, Pauillac
Château Batailley, Pauillac
Château Haut-Batailley, Pauillac
Château Haut-Bages-Libéral, Pauillac
Château Grand-Puy-Lacoste, Pauillac
Château Grand-Puy-Ducasse, Pauillac
Château Lynch-Bages, Pauillac
Château Lynch-Moussas, Pauillac
Château d’Armailhac, Pauillac:
Château Pédesclaux, Pauillac
Château Clerc-Milon, Pauillac
Château Croizet Bages, Pauillac
Château Dauzac, Margaux (Labarde)
Château du Tertre, Margaux (Arsac)
Château Belgrave, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Château de Camensac, Haut-Médoc (Saint-Laurent)
Château Cantemerle, Haut-Médoc (Macau)

103
Q

What is Chateau Latour’s second wine

A

Le Forts de Latour

104
Q

What is Chateaux Margaux’s second wine

A

Pavillon Rouge du Chateaux Margaux

105
Q

What is Chateau Mouton Rothschild’s second wine

A

Le Petit Mouton de Mouton Rothschild

106
Q

What is Chateaux Rauzan Segla’s second wine

A

Segla

Certified Sommelier - Court Sommelier (45 decks)

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