Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cell Biology > Book : Ch. 4 > Flashcards

Book : Ch. 4 Flashcards

0
Q

What is a cell?

A

A cell is the smallest unit that shows the properties of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What four generalizations make up cell theory?

A
  1. Every living organism consists of one or more cells
  2. The cell is the structural and functional unit of all organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life, individually alive even as part of a multicelled organism
  3. All living cells come from a division of other pre-existing cells
  4. Cells contain hereditary material which they pass on to their offspring during division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A

A cell containing a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A

A cell without a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a plasma membrane?

A

Cells outer membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Double membraned sac holding a eukaryotic cells DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In prokaryotic cells where is the DNA found?

A

In a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a cytoplasm?

A

A semi fluid mixture of water, sugars, ions, and proteins between the plasma membrane and the region of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Structures on which proteins are built and suspended in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is surface to volume ratio?

A

A physical relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a lipid bilayer?

A

The structural foundation of all cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

A rigid wall surrounding the plasma membrane of nearly all prokaryotes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is flagella?

A

Slender cellular structures used for motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a pili?

A

Protein filaments that helps cells cling to or move across surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are biofilms?

A

Communial living arrangements in which single celled organisms live in shared mass of slime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Routes and modifies new polypeptide chains and synthesizes lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a Golgi body do?

A

Modifies new polypeptide chains and sorts and ships proteins and lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do vesicles do?

A

Transport, store and digest substances in a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do mitochondrion do?

A

Make ATP by sugar breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do chloroplast do?

A

Make sugars in plants and some Protists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does a lysosome do?

A

Intracellular digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does peroxisome do?

A

Inactivates toxins

22
Q

What does a vacuole do?

A

Stores things

23
Q

What is an organelle?

A

Structure that carries out a specialized function in a cell

24
What does a ribosome do?
Assembles polypeptide chains
25
What does a centriole do?
Is an anchor for cytoskeleton
26
What is a nuclear envelope?
The membrane of a nucleus
27
What is a nucleoplasm?
A viscous fluid similar to cytoplasm
28
What is a nucleolus?
A dense irregularly shaped region where subunits of ribosomes are assembled from proteins and RNA
29
What is chromatin?
Name for all of the DNA together with its associate proteins in the nucleus
30
What is a chromosome?
Each molecule of DNA together with it's many attached proteins
31
What is the endomembrane system?
Series of interacting organelles between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
32
What is endoplasmic reticulum ?
Extension of the nuclear envelope
33
What are peroxisomes?
Containing enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids
34
What are vacuoles?
They isolate and dispose of waste, debris or toxic materials
35
What is a Golgi body
Attach phosphate groups or sugars and cleave certain polypeptide chains
36
What are lysosomes?
Vesicles that contain powerful digestive enzymes
37
What is a mitochondrion?
Type of organelle that specializes in making ATP
38
What are plastids ?
Membrane enclosed organelles that function in photosynthesis or storage in plants and algal cells
39
What are chloroplasts?
Organelles that are specialiZed for photosynthesis
40
What is a central vacuole?
An area where amino acids, sugars, ions, wastes, and toxins accumulate
41
What is a primary wall?
Plasma membrane cemented together by pectin and is then covered in cellulose
42
What is a secondary wall?
The secretion of material onto the primary walls inner surface forms the secondary wall
43
What is lignin?
A complex polymer of alcohols that makes up as much as 25% of the secondary wall of cells in older stems and roots
44
What is an extra cellular matrix?
Non living complex mixture of fiberous proteins and polysaccharides is secreted by cells and varies with the type of tissue.
45
What are cell junctions?
Structures that connect cells to other cells and to the environment
46
What are microtubules?
Long, hollow cylinders that consist of subunits of the protein tubulin
47
What are microfilaments?
Fibers that consist primarily of subunits of the globular protein actin
48
What is a cell cortex?
A reinforcing mesh under the plasma membrane
49
What are intermediate filaments ?
Stable parts of a cells cytoskeleton that strengthen and maintain cell and tissue structures
50
What are motor proteins?
Accessory proteins that move cell parts in a sustained direction when they are repeatedly energized by ATP
51
What are eukaryotic flagella and cilia?
Whiplike structures that propel cells through fluid
52
What is a centriole?
Barrel shaped organelle which remains below the finished area as a basal body
53
What are psuedopods?
False feet

Cell Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions