Book : Ch. 3

Question 0

What is metabolism?

Answer 0

Activities by which cells acquire and use energy as they construct, rearrange, and split organic compounds.

Question 1

What is a functional group?

Answer 1

A cluster of atoms covalently bonded to a carbon atom of an organic molecule

Question 2

What is condensation ?

Answer 2

Two molecules covalently bonded into a larger one

Question 3

What is a monomer?

Answer 3

Molecule that is used to build larger molecules that are the structural and functional parts of cells

Question 4

What is a polymer?

Answer 4

Large chains of monomers

Question 5

What is cleavage?

Answer 5

When a molecule splits into two smaller ones. Hydrolysis is an example

Question 6

What is a functional group transfer?

Answer 6

When a functional group is transferred from one molecule to another

Question 7

What is electron transfer ?

Answer 7

When electrons are transferred from one molecule to another

Question 8

What is rearrangement?

Answer 8

Juggling of covalent bonds converts one organic compound into another

Question 9

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 10

What are lipids?

Answer 10

Fatty, oily, or waxy organic compounds that are insoluble in water

Question 11

What are fatty acids?

Answer 11

Simple organic compounds that have a carboxyl group joined to a backbone of four to thirty six carbon atoms

Question 12

What are fats?

Answer 12

Fats are lipids with one, two, or three fatty acids that dangle like tails from a small alcohol called glycerol

Question 13

What are triglycerides?

Answer 13

Fats with three fatty acid tails linked to the glycerol

Question 14

What are phospholipids ?

Answer 14

Have a polar head with a phosphate in it and two non polar fatty acid tails

Question 15

What are waxes?

Answer 15

Complex, varying mixtures of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long chain alcohols or carbon rings

Question 16

What are steroids?

Answer 16

Lipids with a rigid backbone of four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails

Question 17

What is a protein?

Answer 17

Organic compound composed of one or more chains of amino acids

Question 18

What are Polypeptides ?

Answer 18

Bonded amino acids in chains

Question 19

What is to denature?

Answer 19

To have the shape unravel and to no longer function

Question 20

What is ATP?

Answer 20

A nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate

Question 21

What are Nucleic acids?

Answer 21

Polymers - chains of nucleotides in which the sugar of one nucleotide is joined to the phosphate group of the next

Question 22

What is RNA?

Answer 22

Ribonucleic acid

Question 23

What is DNA?

Answer 23

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 24

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 24

Simple sugars

Question 25

What are oligosaccharides?

Answer 25

Short chain carbohydrates

Question 26

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 26

Complex carbohydrates

Question 27

What are glycerides?

Answer 27

Glycerol backbone with one,two or three fatty acid tails ie. triglycerides

Question 28

What are mostly fiberous proteins?

Answer 28

Long strands or sheets of polypeptide chains ; often strong and water insoluble

Question 29

What are mostly globular proteins?

Answer 29

One or more polypeptide chains folded into globular shapes; many roles in cell activities