Book : Ch. 3 Flashcards

0
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Activities by which cells acquire and use energy as they construct, rearrange, and split organic compounds.

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1
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A cluster of atoms covalently bonded to a carbon atom of an organic molecule

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2
Q

What is condensation ?

A

Two molecules covalently bonded into a larger one

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3
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Molecule that is used to build larger molecules that are the structural and functional parts of cells

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4
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Large chains of monomers

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5
Q

What is cleavage?

A

When a molecule splits into two smaller ones. Hydrolysis is an example

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6
Q

What is a functional group transfer?

A

When a functional group is transferred from one molecule to another

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7
Q

What is electron transfer ?

A

When electrons are transferred from one molecule to another

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8
Q

What is rearrangement?

A

Juggling of covalent bonds converts one organic compound into another

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9
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

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10
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fatty, oily, or waxy organic compounds that are insoluble in water

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11
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Simple organic compounds that have a carboxyl group joined to a backbone of four to thirty six carbon atoms

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12
Q

What are fats?

A

Fats are lipids with one, two, or three fatty acids that dangle like tails from a small alcohol called glycerol

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13
Q

What are triglycerides?

A

Fats with three fatty acid tails linked to the glycerol

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14
Q

What are phospholipids ?

A

Have a polar head with a phosphate in it and two non polar fatty acid tails

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15
Q

What are waxes?

A

Complex, varying mixtures of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long chain alcohols or carbon rings

16
Q

What are steroids?

A

Lipids with a rigid backbone of four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails

17
Q

What is a protein?

A

Organic compound composed of one or more chains of amino acids

18
Q

What are Polypeptides ?

A

Bonded amino acids in chains

19
Q

What is to denature?

A

To have the shape unravel and to no longer function

20
Q

What is ATP?

A

A nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate

21
Q

What are Nucleic acids?

A

Polymers - chains of nucleotides in which the sugar of one nucleotide is joined to the phosphate group of the next

22
Q

What is RNA?

A

Ribonucleic acid

23
Q

What is DNA?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

24
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars
25
What are oligosaccharides?
Short chain carbohydrates
26
What are polysaccharides?
Complex carbohydrates
27
What are glycerides?
Glycerol backbone with one,two or three fatty acid tails ie. triglycerides
28
What are mostly fiberous proteins?
Long strands or sheets of polypeptide chains ; often strong and water insoluble
29
What are mostly globular proteins?
One or more polypeptide chains folded into globular shapes; many roles in cell activities