Book : Ch. 3 Flashcards
What is metabolism?
Activities by which cells acquire and use energy as they construct, rearrange, and split organic compounds.
What is a functional group?
A cluster of atoms covalently bonded to a carbon atom of an organic molecule
What is condensation ?
Two molecules covalently bonded into a larger one
What is a monomer?
Molecule that is used to build larger molecules that are the structural and functional parts of cells
What is a polymer?
Large chains of monomers
What is cleavage?
When a molecule splits into two smaller ones. Hydrolysis is an example
What is a functional group transfer?
When a functional group is transferred from one molecule to another
What is electron transfer ?
When electrons are transferred from one molecule to another
What is rearrangement?
Juggling of covalent bonds converts one organic compound into another
What are carbohydrates?
Organic compounds that consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
What are lipids?
Fatty, oily, or waxy organic compounds that are insoluble in water
What are fatty acids?
Simple organic compounds that have a carboxyl group joined to a backbone of four to thirty six carbon atoms
What are fats?
Fats are lipids with one, two, or three fatty acids that dangle like tails from a small alcohol called glycerol
What are triglycerides?
Fats with three fatty acid tails linked to the glycerol
What are phospholipids ?
Have a polar head with a phosphate in it and two non polar fatty acid tails
What are waxes?
Complex, varying mixtures of lipids with long fatty acid tails bonded to long chain alcohols or carbon rings
What are steroids?
Lipids with a rigid backbone of four carbon rings and no fatty acid tails
What is a protein?
Organic compound composed of one or more chains of amino acids
What are Polypeptides ?
Bonded amino acids in chains
What is to denature?
To have the shape unravel and to no longer function
What is ATP?
A nucleotide called adenosine triphosphate
What are Nucleic acids?
Polymers - chains of nucleotides in which the sugar of one nucleotide is joined to the phosphate group of the next
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic acid
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars
What are oligosaccharides?
Short chain carbohydrates
What are polysaccharides?
Complex carbohydrates
What are glycerides?
Glycerol backbone with one,two or three fatty acid tails ie. triglycerides
What are mostly fiberous proteins?
Long strands or sheets of polypeptide chains ; often strong and water insoluble
What are mostly globular proteins?
One or more polypeptide chains folded into globular shapes; many roles in cell activities
