Book : Ch. 2 Flashcards
What are protons?
Subatomic particles carrying a positive charge
What are atoms ?/
Particles that are the building blocks of all substances
What are neutrons?
Subatomic particles carrying no charge
What are electrons?
Subatomic particles carrying a negative charge
What is a charge?
An electrical property that attracts/repels other subatomic particles
What is an atomic number?
An amount of protons an element contains
What is an element?
Pure substance containing only of atoms with the Same amount of protons
What is a mass number?
Total number of protons/neutrons in a nucleus
What is a periodic table?
All elements known in a table based on their chemical properties
What is a radioisotope ?
Radioactive isotope
What is radioactive decay?
The spontaneous emission of energy when their nucleus breaks down
What is a tracer?
Any molecule with a detectable substance attached
What is a shell model?
Used to check an atom for vacancies
What is an ion?
Atom with a different amount of electrons and protons
What is electro negativity?
Measure of an atoms ability to pull electrons from other atoms
What is a chemical bond?
Attractive force that arises between two atoms when their electrons interact.
What is a molecule?
Formation when two or more atoms of the same or different elements join in chemical bonds
What are compounds?
Molecules that consist of two or more different elements in proportions that do not vary
What is a mixture?
Two or more substances intermingle. Does not bond
What is a covalent bond?
Two atoms sharing a pair of electrons
What is non polar?
Atoms participating in bond share electrons equally
What is polar?
Atoms participating in a bond do not share electrons equally
What is polarity?
Separation of charge into distinct positive and negative regions
What is a hydrogen bond?
Weak attraction between a highly electronegative atom and a hydrogen atom
What is a solvent?
Liquid that can dissolve other substances
What is a solute?
The substance being dissolved
What does hydrophilic mean?
Polar molecules that are water loving
What does hydrophobic mean?
Water dreading substances ie.oils
What is temperature?
Way to measure energy of a molecular motion (vibration)
What is evaporation?
Molecules move faster and individual molecules at the waters surface escape into the air
What is cohesion ?
Molecules resist separating from one another
What is ph?
The measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution
What are acids?
They donate hydrogen ions as they dissolve in water
What do bases do?
They accept hydrogen atoms
What is a salt?
Something that dissolves easily in water and releases ions other than h+ and oh-
What is a buffer system ?
Weak acid or base and it’s salt that can keep the ph of a solution stable
