Bony Architecture of Back Flashcards
Describe the borders and location of the back.
- Location: posterior aspect of trunk
- Borders:
- Superior: Cranial Region
- Inferior: Gluteal Region
Vertebra Prominens
Most superior prominent spinous process of vertebral column
- C7 (if moves) or T1 (stationary)
Body
Weight-bearing portion
Vertebral foramen
Superior articular facet
Superior costal facet
Inferior costal facet
Transverse process
Pedicle
Costal facet
Spinous process
Lamina
What two bony landmarks are indicated? What do these bony landmarks form? What passes through these bony landmarks?
Inferior and Superior Vertebral Notches
- Together, they form the Intervertebral Foramina
- Spinal nerves pass through here
Transverse Costal Facet
What type of vertebrae is this? What are the two distinguishing features of this vertebrae? What passes through the opening lateral to the body of this vertebra?
Cervical Vertebra
- Bifid spinous process
-
Transverse Foramina
- Vertebral artery passes through
What forms the vertebral arch?
Two lamina and two pedicles
Name the bony landmark. What muscle occupies this space?
Infraspinous Fossa
- Infraspinatus m.
What bone is this? Indicate right or left. Name the bony landmark.
Scapula (right)
- Medial Border
Name the bony landmarks.
Superior and Inferior Angles
Name the bony landmark. What muscle occupies this space?
Supraspinous Fossa
- Supraspinatus m.
Scapular Spine
Coracoid Process
Glenoid Fossa
Acromion
Name of the upper ridge of hip bone? What does this ridge allow you to locate?
Iliac Crests
- Bony Level L4 Spinous Process
What is the scientific term for hip bones?
Ossa Coxae
Describe the regions of the vertebral column. How many vertebrae are in each region?
- Cervical: 7; neck
- Thoracic: 12; articulate with ribs
- Lumbar: 5; small of back
- Sacral: 5; fused in adult
- Coccygeal: 4; tail bone
What are the primary curvatures of the vertebral column?
- Thoracic Curvature
- Sacral Curvature
- Occur in flexing pattern (see image)*
- Develop in utero
What are the secondary curvatures of the vertebral column? When do these curvatures develop?
-
Cervical curvature
- Develops when holding head up (3 months)
-
Lumbar curvature
- Develops when starting to stand/walk (9-15 months)
What vertebral region do ribs articulate with? Describe how they articulate.
Thoracic
- Articulate between two adjacent vertebrae
- Head articulates with body (superior/inferior costal facet)
- Tubercle articulates with transverse process (transverse costal facet)
What is the composition of intervertebral discs? What is their function? How much of the verterbral column length do they account for?
-
Anulus fibrosus:
- The peripheral fibrocartilage
-
Nucleus puposus:
- Central gelatinous part
- Function: shock absorbers
- Make up 1/4 of the vertebral column
bco5905What is a hearniated disc? Where does it most commonly occur? Specifically describe what will be affected by a herniated disc.
- Tear in anulus fibrosus resulting in protrusion of nucleus pulposus in a posterolateral direction
- Compress spinal nerve roots or cord on that side
- Affect nerve below and everything else
- L4-L5 disc herniation affects L5 spinal nerve
- Rule consistent in cervical region (C5-C6 will affect C6)
- Affect nerve below and everything else
- Most commonly occurs in cervical and lumbar regions.
- Whiplash (cervical)
- Orientation of pelvis while sitting (lumbar)
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
- Posterior to vertebral body
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
- Anterior to vertebral body
Ligamentum Flavum
- Between adjacent laminae
Interspinous Ligaments
- Between spinous processes
Supraspinous Ligament
- Superficial to spinous processes
- Broadens at neck and is continuous with ligamentum nuchae
